Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir targeting viral persistence in post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) in the USA (RECOVER-VITAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for 15 days or 25 days showed no evidence of benefit in long COVID in any of the three phenotypes studied. These findings suggest additional approaches to measuring the symptom ...

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Clinical accuracy, performance, and usability of the Dragonfly point-of-care molecular diagnostic platform for mpox: a mixed-methods field evaluation in Uganda

Dragonfly showed high sensitivity and specificity for mpox detection across a broad range of viral loads in the field, supporting its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic in high-burden, resource-l...

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Safety and immunogenicity of GBS6 in pregnant women living with and without HIV and their infants in Uganda (PREPARE WP4): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 clinical trial

GBS6 elicited anti-capsular polysaccharide conjugate antibodies against group B streptococcus in pregnant women that were transferred to their infants, with no evidence of a difference irrespective of...

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Evaluating the impact of antiviral post-exposure prophylaxis for health-care workers during orthoebolavirus outbreaks: a modelling study

HCW-targeted antiviral PEP could substantially reduce HCW deaths during orthoebolavirus outbreaks if efficacious antivirals can be delivered rapidly and high operational coverage is maintained. Compar...

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Severe health-care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in an Asian Surveillance Network (ACORN-HAI): a multicentre, prospective cohort study

AMR bacterial bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia were common and associated with high mortality and reduced quality of life in Asia, particularly in infections due to carbapene...

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Azithromycin with or without cefixime for suspected or culture-confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (ACT-South Asia): a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, pl...

This study supports the WHO recommendation of oral azithromycin alone for treatment of clinically suspected or culture-confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever,providing no evidence to support addition o...

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Safety and immunogenicity of the synthetic carbohydrate conjugate vaccine, SF2a-TT15, against Shigella flexneri 2a in infants in Kenya: a phase 2a, age-descending, dose-escalating, double-blind, rando...

SF2a-TT15 is well tolerated and strongly immunogenic in Kenyan infants, showing potential for further development. Available data support advancing a multivalent synthetic glycan-based Shigella vaccin...

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Epidemiological impact of a dual-action insecticidal coating applied to Aedes aegypti breeding sites on dengue transmission in Colombia: a cluster-randomised trial

The intervention reduced dengue incidence and Aedes aegypti infestation over 12 months. A single application of a dual-action insecticidal coating to domestic water containers represents a scalable an...

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Comparison of VPM1002 with BCG in the prevention of tuberculosis in newborn infants: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial

VPM1002 did not show non-inferiority to BCG on the primary endpoint of QFT conversion. Because fewer infections occurred than expected (334 of 632 planned events, despite extending the duration to 48 ...

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COPD and Aspergillus—a complex interaction of global health importance

Aspergillus spp are common airborne fungi, and the commonest fungal pathogen of human lungs. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the usual defences against disease are impai...

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Guiding principles for pragmatic randomised trials of tuberculosis treatments

Tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge, despite recent advances in drug and regimen development. Pragmatic randomised trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerab...

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Streptococcus anginosus group as a cause of serious streptococcal infection in the UK: a retrospective population-based surveillance study

SAG infections, predominantly deep pyogenic collections in SBSs, are increasing in both children and adults in the UK and represent a major cause of streptococcal SBS infections. This increase is unli...

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Congolese hospital staff cohort admitted with infectious symptoms in the setting of the Bundibugyo virus outbreak, April and May 2026, Bunia, DR Congo

On May 15, 2026, DR Congo announced an outbreak of Ebola disease caused by a new variant of Bundibugyo virus in Ituri Province.1 The outbreak's epicentre was Mongbwalu, a gold mining town located 80 k...

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Clinical, molecular, and in vitro evidence of artemisinin partial resistance in Ethiopian Plasmodium falciparum: a prospective, multisite, surveillance study

Ethiopia is the fifth sub-Saharan African country now meeting WHO confirmation criteria for ART-R. High R622I prevalence and double deletion rates, consistent with distinct selective pressures, repres...

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Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in males aged 16–26 years in Japan: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The 9vHPV vaccine prevents anogenital persistent infection related to vaccine-targeted HPV types in males and has an acceptable safety profile. These findings support the use of the 9vHPV vaccine in m...

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A review of Bundibugyo virus and the 2026 outbreak: lessons for epidemic preparedness

The ongoing 2026 outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda has renewed attention to one of the least studied human-pathogenic...

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Impact of directly observed treatment and extended age range of seasonal malaria chemoprevention with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine in Burkina Faso: a three-group, open-label, cluster-ran...

We observed no significant difference in parasite prevalence between programmatic SMC and SMC delivered through DOT in children younger than 5 years. Extending SMC to children aged 5–9 years reduced p...

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Baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, or oseltamivir in patients with non-severe symptomatic seasonal influenza (AD ASTRA): a phase 2, open-label, adaptive, randomised controlled trial

Oral baloxavir, favipiravir, and oseltamivir accelerated influenza viral clearance rates in adults with early non-severe seasonal influenza at low risk of progression to severe disease. Baloxavir had ...

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Effectiveness of scabies treatments in Italy (SCAB-net): a prospective observational study

In this observational study from a high-income country, permethrin showed substantially reduced effectiveness compared with benzyl benzoate or ivermectin. These findings support reconsideration of cur...

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Empiric tuberculosis treatment in hospitalised adults with advanced HIV disease in Africa: applying the therapeutic threshold to clinical practice

Hospitalised adults with advanced HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa experience high mortality, with tuberculosis, often disseminated and undiagnosed, being a leading cause. Despite this, initiation of...

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Long COVID symptom profiles, workforce participation, and working hours among adults in England: a population-based cohort study

Unresolved Long COVID was associated with worse employment outcomes. Symptom clusters highlighted the importance of considering heterogeneity in Long COVID when assessing workforce impacts and designi...

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Fernando Tortosa and Ariel Izcovich on hantavirus infections | The Lancet Infectious Diseases in conversation with

Fernando Tortosa and Ariel Izcovich discuss various aspects of hantavirus infections with a focus on the situation in Argentina, including transmission, epidemiology, clinical course, management, late...

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