High-throughput discovery of organic working solutions enabling radical photochemistry for scalable H2O2 production

Light-driven H2O2 production offers a sustainable alternative to the anthraquinone process, yet challenges in efficiency and scalability remain. Herein, we establish a radical photochemistry framework, integrating high-throughput screening and computation to optimize organic working solutions. This enables liter-scale H2O2 production beyond single-photon limits with high yield and purity.

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Toward scalable semitransparent organic photovoltaics: Slot-die-coated 210-cm2 modules with visible transmission of up to 50% and LUE up to 4%

Efficient semitransparent organic photovoltaic modules on areas > 200 cm2 are fabricated with scalable methods. They are based on a near-infrared reflecting back electrode and a metal-less polymeric front electrode. While the back electrode is sputtered, all other layers are deposited by slot-die coating. Visible transmissions of up to 50% and light utilization efficiencies of up to 4% are achieved, which constitute by far the highest values on larger areas, thus proving the successful upscaling of this technology.

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Enabling high-voltage and wide-temperature quasi-solid-state batteries via spatially engineered polyether electrolyte interfaces

(Joule 10, 102535; November 18, 2026)

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Topology-governed self-assembled monolayers enable perovskite solar cells stable at −100°C to +100°C

Topology-governed self-assembled monolayers establish dense buried interfaces in inverted perovskite solar cells. The meta-linked LY-m delivers 26.39% efficiency (certified 26.37%), with a 1.231 V open-circuit voltage and stable operation after −100°C to +100°C thermal cycling, results that link molecular topology to device reliability.

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Inline millisecond subcell current metrology for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Messmer et al. demonstrate a transient electrical method that extracts both subcell currents of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells within milliseconds from a standard reverse current-voltage scan. Validated on full-size industrial devices, the approach enables inline subcell current monitoring without additional hardware or spectral modification.

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Interfacial charge transfer acceleration and thermal stress release for high-performance perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Du and colleagues introduce a rigid self-assembled monolayer, PhPADCB, to regulate the textured buried interface in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. The molecular design improves conformal contact, accelerates interfacial charge transfer, mitigates thermal stress, and enables efficient and stable tandem photovoltaics.

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Small congeneric solvents for practical sodium metal batteries

We report that the size of congeneric solvents can strongly affect fast-cycling performance in metal batteries. Smaller solvents outperform their larger counterparts at high rates, while their similar behaviors at low rates suggest an electrochemical “leveling” effect. Generative screening accelerates electrolyte discovery and identifies DMFSA from a DMTMSA-derived chemical space. DMFSA-based electrolytes deliver ∼99.6% Coulombic efficiency, >4.9 V oxidative stability, and stable cycling at ∼6.0 mA cm−2. Our design principle shows feasibility in broader electrolyte and metal-electrode chemistries.

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From wasteland to wonderland: Releasing resupply potential from urban minerals of electric vehicle batteries and motors in China

Xiong et al. show that China’s end-of-life electric vehicles can become a technology-dependent urban mine for batteries and motors. Their model reveals high resupply potential for lithium, cobalt, neodymium, and dysprosium but persistent gaps for nickel and manganese, highlighting the need for collection, closed-loop recycling, and rare earth element recovery policies.

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Efficient battery electrolyte design for electric aircraft driven by physics-augmented AI

Traditional material design approaches struggle with the vast compositional space of electrolytes, leading to high development costs and hindering the practical deployment of electric aircraft. A physics-augmented AI design framework with accurate electrolyte property modeling is proposed to simultaneously improve the efficiency, reliability, and interpretability of high-dimensional electrolyte design, significantly reducing design resources and uncovering key mechanistic insights from statistical data to advance more rigorous electrolyte design principles for demanding eVTOL operations.

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Getting the balance right—Considerations of lithium enrichment for the fusion fuel cycle with a focus on nuclear non-proliferation

Future fusion reactors may rely on lithium-6 to breed tritium, but the very high enrichments proposed in some blanket concepts create a material of heightened proliferation concern while also imposing steep economic and engineering penalties. This paper argues that fusion scale-up should be paired with internationally recognized enrichment limits and safeguards and with breeder designs that avoid the highest-risk lithium-6 levels so deployment can proceed globally with stronger oversight, clearer material accountancy, improved international supply-chain monitoring, and lower proliferation risk.

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An open access solid-state battery cell database to advance visualization, search, analysis, and AI data extraction

There are thousands of solid-state battery device publications per year, but the data in these publications are highly varied in type, format, consistency, and accessibility, greatly limiting their use by many stakeholders involved in battery device research and development. This paper presents a solid-state battery device database that includes all the key data types required to specify a battery device and describes the data practices needed to move battery device research in the direction of the FAIR data principles.

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All-small-molecule solar cells with over 19% efficiency and superior stability via a dual-asymmetric-acceptor strategy

By integrating a doubly asymmetric acceptor pair with layer-by-layer deposition, a favorable interpenetrating fibrillar network and optimized vertical phase distribution are achieved for all-small-molecule organic photovoltaics. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 19.15% (certified 19.0%) is realized alongside exceptional thermal stability, photostability, and outdoor operational stability. This study challenges the conventional perception of intrinsic instability in small-molecule systems and provides a general pathway toward efficient and durable organic solar cells.

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Buried-interface crystallization limits the transferability of high-efficiency perovskite precursor compositions

Perovskite precursor formulations that deliver high efficiencies in conventional n-i-p solar cells often fail to reproduce comparable performance in inverted p-i-n architectures due to the fundamentally different crystallization environment imposed by the underlying layer. Here, we reveal that the underlayer-dependent retention of MACl-derived intermediate phases at the buried interface is responsible for this performance discrepancy. Substituting excess chloride originating from volatile MACl-derived species with PbCl2-derived chloride modulates interfacial nucleation and growth, thereby enabling highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

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Investigation of performance self-gain in inverted organic solar cells enabling highly reproducible devices with 20.51% efficiency

Inverted organic solar cells are known for excellent stability but often suffer from poor reproducibility and delayed performance evolution after fabrication. Wu et al. identify a performance self-gain phenomenon arising from slow morphological relaxation within the active layer and develop an acceptor-rich polymeric sublayer to suppress this behavior. The strategy delivers highly reproducible devices with record efficiency and exceptional long-term stability.

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Stress-relieving interface enabled by interlocking ionic polycarbolong for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

We report a corrugated polycarbolong interlocking strategy to address C60-related interface instability in inverted perovskite solar cells. Triphenylphosphine functions as a molecular interlocker that improves C60 film deposition, anchors C60 through triphenylphosphine-based “claw” motifs, and passivates unsaturated lead ions at the perovskite surface. This synergistic regulation stabilizes the top interface, suppresses C60 self-aggregation, and strengthens interfacial contact. Consequently, the resulting devices deliver a champion power conversion efficiency of 27.43% with exceptional operational stability under thermal stress, continuous illumination, and damp-heat conditions. The strategy establishes a robust and scalable pathway toward commercial perovskite photovoltaics.

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In situ constructing mortise-and-tenon passivation on perovskite toward photothermally durable photovoltaic

Mortise-and-tenon passivation is constructed via in situ coupling of a conventional passivator with ring-shaped “mortise” crown ethers to anchor the passivator robustly onto the perovskite surface to suppress efficiency degradation. With this strategy, targeted inverted PSCs achieved an efficiency of 26.82% and superior photothermal durability (T90 > 1,000 h) under the ISOS-L-3 protocol.

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Intact-film orthogonal 2D X-ray diffraction mapping for crystallographic homogeneity evaluation in perovskite solar modules

Kim et al. developed an orthogonal 2D X-ray diffraction mapping technique for non-destructive structural characterization of large-area intact perovskite modules. The platform enables simultaneous spatial visualization of crystallinity, crystal orientation, and residual strain across entire films, revealing how structural homogeneity governs scalable, high-efficiency module fabrication.

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Thermal evaporation routes for perovskite photovoltaics, from fundamentals to integration

Thermal evaporation offers a solvent-free route for constructing perovskite solar cells and tandem stacks with controlled film growth, interfaces, and layer thickness. This review explains how co-evaporation, sequential evaporation, and hybrid vapor-based processing support multilayer and large-area integration. It identifies source stability, deposition rate, material utilization, and large-area uniformity as key hurdles for translating efficient devices into scalable modules.

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A pathway to next-generation direct air capture using adsorbents

As extreme weather events become increasingly frequent, the urgency of carbon removal technologies is clear. Although direct air capture (DAC) holds the greatest promise for large-scale carbon removal, its deployment faces significant engineering hurdles. This review summarizes four key bottlenecks in DAC scale-up, covering contactor design, thermal management, water management, and system coupling. These are ultimately connected with one another by techno-economic analysis, which helps identify critical pathways to accelerate DAC toward its carbon capture goals.

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High-rate electro-photochemical alkane conversion to isoalcohols under ambient conditions

Industrial isopropanol synthesis currently relies on energy- and carbon-intensive high-temperature, high-pressure processes. Here, the authors present an ambient-condition cascade electro-photochemical system that employs a bromide mediator to efficiently convert propane into high-value isopropanol, offering a sustainable pathway toward decarbonizing chemical manufacturing.

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What happened to hydrogen, and what comes next?

This commentary examines the greater than 90% gap between the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) 2030 hydrogen deployment projections made in 2021 versus those made as of early 2026. Although the 2026 hydrogen projections have cast doubt on hydrogen’s long-term role in net-zero pathways, reason for optimism exists. When assessed through sociotechnical systems and adoption readiness lenses, hydrogen’s potential as a key decarbonization lever becomes apparent with specific contexts, such as China and long-haul aviation, leading the way.

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Site-dominant quantum-cutting nanocrystals enable silicon photovoltaics exceeding 100% external quantum efficiency

Manipulating Yb ion-site occupancy (interstitial vs. substitutional) in CsPbCl3:Yb nanocrystals via temperature-gradient synthesis enhances quantum-cutting efficiency. The optimized nanocrystal film integrated with c-Si PV achieves an EQE of 117.2% ± 2.9% at a power density of 30 μW/cm² at 380 nm and a certified PCE of 26.00% (Ref.: 25.58%). This strategy provides fundamental insights for advancing down-shifting-enhanced photovoltaics beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit.

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Electrochemical reactions under reverse bias create additional mobile ions that enable hole tunneling in metal halide perovskite diodes

Perovskite diodes under reverse bias must be thought of as both semiconductor devices and electrochemical cells. High concentrations of mobile defects created under reverse bias enable low breakdown voltages and rapid cell degradation.

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High energy-density, fast-chargeable lithium-ion batteries by mechanically interlocked polymers

Silicon anodes are promising for high-energy and fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, but their uncontrolled volume expansion causes severe mechanical damage. This work introduces a poly(acrylic acid) binder with mechanically interlocked crosslinks that homogeneously dissipates stress across the electrode through topology-driven molecular motions. This design preserves surface porosity and electrode integrity during calendering and cycling, enabling stable cell operation with improved fast-charging capability at high electrode density.

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Structural batteries from concept to deployment

Structural batteries promise to merge energy storage and load-bearing functionality into a single material system, offering a new paradigm for lightweight electrification. This perspective defines the scientific and engineering roadmap needed to move structural batteries from laboratory feasibility to deployable systems.

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Academic battery passports for the regulatory era of energy storage

Battery passports are becoming essential for traceability, safety, and circularity in energy storage, yet academic battery research remains largely narrative and difficult to integrate into digital ecosystems. This commentary proposes an academic battery passport framework to enable interoperable, machine-readable battery science for regulation, AI, and life cycle intelligence.

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Scalable interface-interphase design of tin electrodes enables pouch-type sodium all-solid-state batteries

We present an interface-interphase engineering strategy for Sn anodes in sodium all-solid-state batteries, which is compatible with roll-to-roll electrode manufacturing. By integrating an infiltrated sodium closo-borate anolyte with a CNT scaffold, the engineered Sn anode enables reversible alloying chemistry and low-pressure operational capability. Combined with a dry-process fabrication strategy for cathode and solid-electrolyte films, this design enables the first pouch-type NaSSB demonstration.

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In situ growth and crystal monitoring for high-efficiency vacuum-deposited perovskite-based solar cells

Vacuum deposition offers an industry-compatible route for perovskite solar cells, yet controlling perovskite crystallization remains challenging. Choi et al. introduce a structure-directing layer beneath a perovskite absorber and use in situ photoluminescence to monitor the nucleation, strain, and defects of perovskite, leading to efficient devices with improved stability.

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Triple-junction all-perovskite solar cells with self-assembling hole contacts in all subcells

This study presents a bilayer strategy employing graphene oxide and a self-assembled monolayer for Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells. This approach enables efficient and stable triple-junction all-perovskite solar cells, achieving a 27.3% efficiency alongside exceptional operational stability with a T90 of 770 h.

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A dilute nitrate electrolyte for all-climate batteries

You et al. report a data-driven strategy that enables inexpensive lithium nitrate to serve as the main salt in a dilute lithium-ion battery electrolyte. The designed low-concentration electrolyte reduces cost while stabilizing battery interfaces, enabling all-climate operation in pouch cells.

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