Determinants of pigeonpea adoption among smallholder farmers across three agro-ecological zones in Uganda

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is an important food crop with the potential to address food security concerns in Uganda. Its cultivation, however, remains limited to a few parts of the country. Yet, reports indicate that nearly 80% of the country's land is suitable for crop production. It is, therefore, important to determine the factors responsible for this variable adoption. This study aimed to determine the factors responsible for the restricted cultivation of pigeonpea in Uganda. The research was conducted in three agro-ecological zones that have varying levels of pigeonpea production.

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Fortification of bread with silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fish powder: Effects on nutritional composition and sensory attributes

Bread fortified with silver carp meat powder at concentrations ranging from 0% to 15% was prepared and evaluated for nutritional, sensory, and physicochemical properties. The protein and lipid contents increased from 15.18% to 24.60% and from 6.44% to 9.17%, respectively, with increasing levels of silver carp meat powder. Moisture content was not affected by the fortification, while carbohydrate content decreased from 65.02% to 53.27% as the amount of silver carp meat powder increased. Fortified breads showed an increase in amino acid content, with methionine, phenylalanine, and cysteine being the major amino acids, ranging from 3429.84 to 5825.01 mg/100 g, 3072.30–5217.79 mg/100 g, and 1293.34–2196.52 mg/100 g, respectively.

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Organ-on-chip models in biomedical research: BimmoH as a tool for bibliometric analysis

Organ-on-chip (OoC) technologies are increasingly recognised as human-relevant alternatives to animal testing, offering advanced biology-based models for disease modelling, drug discovery, and precision medicine. These innovative systems allow scientists to model specific organ structures and functions, reproducing complex electromechanical stimuli and organ-organ interactions. In this study, we used the Biomedical Models Hub (BimmoH) to map the landscape of OoC human biology-based models and to perform a bibliometric analysis of the scientific publications in the field.

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Legacy mine land reclamation for energy crop development: A review and bibliometric synthesis for a sustainable approach

Legacy coal mine lands in the United States contain extensive areas of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), posing persistent risks to human health, ecosystems, and local economies. This review synthesizes global evidence on sustainable approaches for reclaiming these legacy mine lands, with a particular focus on energy crops as pathways for soil remediation and biomass production. Using the Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar, we conducted a structured literature search for the period 1990–2023 and combined bibliometric analysis with qualitative synthesis to examine mine land reclamation processes, soil remediation strategies, energy-crop development with a particular focus on heavy metal-contaminated sites and sustainability enhancement.

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Face-to-face versus online modality: A comparative analysis of student performance in statistics

The sustained expansion of online education in higher education systems raises critical questions about its comparative effectiveness and equity relative to face-to-face instruction. The objective of this study is to compare final grades in statistics between face-to-face and online undergraduate students at a public university in Ecuador to determine which modality most effectively supports learning and educational equity. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare student performance in six statistics subjects during the period 2022-2023.

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Case report of neoadjuvant treatment with sugemalimab combined with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in stage IIIB lung squamous cell carcinoma and research in potential biomarkers

Here we present a case of stage IIIB (cT3N2M0) lung squamous cell carcinoma, who was potentially resectable, and underwent a complete resection after three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy induced by sugemalimab combined with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. The assessment of resected lung sample and lymph nodes has shown a pathological complete response in this case, although the radiographical response was stable. Potential biomarkers that may correlate with the efficacy were also explored in this case.

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Farmers’ perceived climate change impacts and their decisions to adopt autonomous adaptation strategies to climate variability in eastern Ethiopia

Smallholder farmers' in Ethiopia are experiencing adverse impacts of climate variability and change as they are dependent on subsistence rainfed farming. Previous studies focused on factors influencing adoption of an individual adaptation option without differentiating them as autonomous, planned and anticipatory options. This study intended to identify Kersa District, eastern Ethiopia, farmers' perceived impacts of climate change and the factors that influence their decisions to adopt autonomous adaptation strategies to climate variability.

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Rewards and feedback: How task context impacts performance on measures of executive functions

Most traditional measures of executive function (EF) have minimal emotional salience, limiting their ecological validity in real-world contexts where emotional and motivational factors are pervasive. Through contextual manipulation, however, the administration of EF tasks can be adjusted to increase emotional salience without altering the core cognitive demands of the tasks. This non-randomised between-groups experimental study examined whether two forms of contextual manipulation, post-trial feedback and performance-based monetary rewards, influenced EF task performance.

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How does a protein sound like: Converting amino acid sequences into music, and back

We have developed a system that translates amino acid sequences into musical notes, reflecting the specific characteristics of those sequences. Unlike most other methods of converting amino acid sequences into musical compositions, our approach enables the same algorithm to be used for converting musical passages back into proteins without relying on their nucleotide sequence encoding. This is accomplished through the use of a doublet degenerate code to encode musical notes, chords, and pauses. As a result, one can select from several dozen options to create an amino acid sequence with specified properties.

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Small bowel obstruction secondary to abdominal cocoon syndrome: Case report and review of the literature

Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome (ACS), also known as idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the intestinal loops. Its preoperative diagnosis remains challenging due to nonspecific clinical and imaging findings. Although more commonly reported in young males from tropical regions, idiopathic forms can occur in older adults without predisposing factors.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2025

Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness and paralysis, with a global incidence of 1.3 cases per 100,000 individuals, and its diagnosis, management, and pathophysiology are challenging due to clinical heterogeneity.

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High-temperature bond performance of carbon and stainless steel reinforcement in concrete: A material-level experimental study with functional, economic and environmental approaches

The structural integrity of reinforced concrete structures is highly conditioned under extreme conditions depending on the adherence between steel and concrete. This research studies the behaviour at high temperatures (200 °C and 400 °C) and different cooling techniques, rapid (in water) and slow (in air) of two types of steel, austenitic stainless steel (EN 1.4301) and carbon steel (B500SD). For this purpose, compression and indirect tensile tests were carried out on concretes of characteristic types, C30 and C50, evaluating the thermal and cooling impact on the mechanical properties.

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Chiral Betti base immobilized on UiO-66-NH2: Synthesis and catalytic application in the asymmetric Henry reaction

Newly developed chiral heterogeneous ligands were prepared by immobilizing chiral (R)-(−)- and (S)-(+)-Betti bases onto functionalized UiO-66-NH2. Both synthesized chiral homogeneous and heterogeneous ligands were characterized using various techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM, and BET/BJH. The catalytic performance of their copper complexes was evaluated in the asymmetric Henry reaction under solvent-free green conditions, achieving chiral β-nitro alcohols in good yields and moderate enantioselectivity.

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In silico pharmacophore-guided modeling of marine-derived γ-secretase modulators for amyloid-beta reduction in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is primarily caused by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins, with γ-secretase playing a key role in the formation of Aβ (1-42). This study aimed to identify novel γ-secretase modulators from a wide range of marine organisms that selectively lower Aβ production. Using BMS 299897 and ELN 318463 as reference drugs, we developed a Shared Feature Pharmacophore (SFP) map featuring one hydrogen bond donor, three hydrogen bond acceptors, four hydrophobic regions, two aromatic bonds, and two halogen bond donors.

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Blood nutritional and immune indices in lung cancer: a narrative review of prognostic significance, treatment response, and clinical applications

Lung cancer is the No.1 malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The prognosis of lung cancer depends not only on the tumor itself and the treatment, but also on the nutritional and immune status of the patients. Nutritional status can affect the quality of life and response to therapy, while immune status can also affect the biological behavior of tumor spread and metastasis by changing the microenvironment. Abnormal nutrition and immune response can interact with each other to reduce body's response to anti-cancer treatment and promote tumor progression.

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Seismic resilience of reinforced concrete shear wall systems: a systematic review of innovative components, functional recovery, optimization, and machine learning approaches

The concept of seismic resilience is defined by a structure's ability to recover its functionality and the time required for this recovery. Reducing repair costs and downtime are the two primary objectives of resilience-based structural assessment. As an integrated metric encompassing mechanical performance, economic impact, and recovery duration, seismic resilience plays a critical role in the design of earthquake-resistant structural systems. This paper presents a systematic review of the frameworks and methodologies developed for evaluating the seismic resilience of reinforced concrete shear wall (RCSW) systems.

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Digital capabilities, global value chains, and sustainability: A bibliometric-content review of converging literatures and governance complementarities

Research on digital capabilities, including Industry 4.0 technologies, increasingly intersects with debates on sustainability and global value chains (GVCs), yet the evidence base remains uneven. This bibliometric-content review maps a 199-record broad-convergence corpus linking digital-capability and Industry 4.0 sustainability research with GVC-sustainability research, while distinguishing a narrower core-nexus validation layer of 28 records (14.1%) in which digital capabilities, value-chain organization, and sustainability are substantively connected.

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When bone dust goes astray: Intraventricular migration and chemical meningitis after ETV — A case report

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a potentially reversible condition characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a recognized treatment option, particularly when patients demonstrate a positive response to CSF tap tests. Although generally safe, ETV may rarely be complicated by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.

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Social learning of risk attitude: A Bayesian perspective

In this research, we used a Bayesian framework to explore how humans assess others' risk attitudes. The Bayesian learner employs a probabilistic generative model to represent another person's decision-making process. On a trial-by-trial basis, the learner updates the posterior estimate of the other's hidden attitude via social prediction error, a mismatch between what was predicted and what was actually chosen. The model begins with a high learning rate, which gradually decreases as more trials occur.

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Chinese herbal medicine therapy reduces all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortalities in acquired hemolytic anemia: A Taiwanese nationwide retrospective cohort study

To assess whether Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) treatment was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in Taiwanese patients with acquired hemolytic anemia (AHA).

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Temporal dynamics of rice insect pests and natural enemies in relation to weather variables in northern Bangladesh

Understanding the seasonal dynamics of insect pest and their natural enemies in relation to climatic variables is crucial for developing ecologically sound pest management strategies. This study monitored key pests and natural enemies by daily using light traps from January 2019 to December 2024, alongside the collection of meteorological data. The findings revealed moderate insect diversity (Shannon-Weiner index = 1.04) but low species evenness (Pielous’ evenness = 0.406) reflecting the dominance of few species, particularly brown phanthopper (73.6%).

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Landfill environmental impact study using a combined method of Leopold and RIAM matrices: A case study

The rapid increase in municipal solid waste generation has intensified the need for sustainable landfill management. This study quantitatively evaluated the environmental impacts of open dumping using the RIAM and Leopold methods and investigated the effect of averaging scores on component ranking. The overall environmental scores were −611 (RIAM) and −704 (Leopold), indicating severe negative impacts. In RIAM, the algebraic sum of scores ranked the components from the most to the least negative impact as follows: physico-chemical (−222), cultural-social (−163), biological-ecological (−114), and economic-operational (−112).

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Gold nanoarchitectonics: promising nano-therapeutic platforms for multiple sclerosis treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that disrupts the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by focal demyelination, inflammation, neuronal damage, and gliosis. Nanotechnology has introduced innovative strategies for delivering treatments to the CNS in MS. This review focuses on the potential of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a new approach for treating MS. Their unique properties such as ease of synthesis in various sizes, shapes, and charges, along with stability, high drug-loading capacity, and the ability to modify their surfaces combined with their biocompatibility, make them attractive for treating autoimmune diseases like MS.

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Evaluation of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid for disinfection of synthetic hospital wastewater

This study aimed to evaluate the disinfection of synthetic hospital wastewater using sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid, with and without the addition of the antibiotic amoxicillin. A full factorial experiment with 2 levels and 4 factors (disinfectant type, presence of amoxicillin, disinfectant concentration, and contact time) was applied to systematically assess the impact of these variables on disinfection efficiency. Based on concentrations commonly detected in hospital effluents, 23.58 mg L−1 of amoxicillin was added to simulate pharmaceutical contamination.

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Fractal dimension accounts for allometric scaling exponents of cities

Fractal theory has long been used to explain the scaling exponent of allometric growth models. However, the relationship between fractals and allometry is still questioned by some scholars. One viewpoint is that fractals involve scaling laws, but scaling laws do not necessarily mean fractals. The reason for this misunderstanding may lie in that the knowledge linking fractals and allometric scaling laws has not yet been effectively clarified. By means of mathematical reasoning and empirical analysis, this paper is devoted to explaining allometric scaling exponents of cities using fractal dimensions.

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Object-state-based frame sampling for efficient video object detection

Object detection in video streams suffers from severe temporal redundancy, which inflates training cost and can over-represent static backgrounds. This paper presents an object-state-based data-curation framework for offline training-data selection in video object detection. The sampler uses ground-truth or teacher-generated pseudo boxes to initialize active segments, retain object births, and select additional frames when per-object bounding-box states change sufficiently according to an Intersection-over-Union (IoU) trigger.

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Parenting engagement of Millennial and Generation Z parents in infant and toddler care: mediation and moderation effects

Evolving family structures and shifting gender role expectations shape parenting engagement among Millennial and Generation Z (MZ) parents. However, the mechanisms through which marital intimacy, household labor division, and parental efficacy influence parenting engagement remain unclear.

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Integrated management of vinasse in the production of spirits and ethanol: A review

Vinasse, a liquid byproduct of the wine and distillation industries, represents a major environmental challenge requiring treatment to reduce its impact through circular economy models. Generated during raw material fermentation and distillation, 8–18 L of vinasse are produced per liter of ethanol. Its uncontrolled disposal causes severe degradation of soils and water bodies due to high organic load and elevated salinity (K, P, and micronutrients). To address this issue under circular economy models, this review offers a comparative framework that systematically contrasts raw materials such as sugarcane, grains (corn and rice), agave, and grapes, revealing how feedstock origin conditions recovery potential, ecotoxicological risk, and treatment feasibility.

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Heavy metal concentrations in composite breast milk and health risk assessment for breastfed infants in Ho, Ghana

Breast milk is the optimal source of infant nutrition but may serve as a pathway for exposure to environmental contaminants.

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Characterization and modeling of the effects of extraction parameters for tannin from the bark of the tropical wood Detarium microcarpum, utilizing the design of experiments method, aimed at exploring its potential application in formulating eco-friendly industrial resins

This work aims to optimize the conditions for extracting tannin from Detarium microcarpum (DM) using a rigorous, well-known methodological approach based on the Design of Experiments (DoE) method in order to maximize the yield and quality of the extracts. This study is the first to explore the potential of DM tannin for use in the formulation of biobased resins, thereby responding to the need for local valorization of underutilized resources. The DM tannin extraction process was optimized, taking into account liquid/solid ratios (6:1, 10:1, and 20:1), temperatures (70°C, 80°C, and 90°C), and extraction times (2 h, 3 h, and 4 h).

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