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Data For India

@dataforindia.bsky.social

Insights, charts and data to create shared knowledge and expand our understanding of India | https://www.dataforindia.com/

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Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2d ago

🧵 Higher education is often seen as a pathway to better job prospects and wages. The share of graduates in India remains quite low, with fewer than 15% of Indians aged 25 and above, or only 140 million people, holding a graduate degree. #Graduates #Work #Employment #Jobs #India #DataForIndia

Title: The unemployment rate is highest among graduates and nearly zero among the illiterate population in India

Sub-title: Unemployment rate by education level (2024)

Explanation: In 2024, unemployment in India increased sharply with education level. The rate was 0.2% among the illiterate population, 1.1% among people with primary education, 3.5% among those with secondary education, and 12.9% among those with higher education.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 4d ago

🧵 As incomes rise and access to education and healthcare improves, women around the world have chosen to have fewer children. India, too, has seen a stunning decline in family sizes over the last 50 years. #Population #Fertility #TFR #India #DataForIndia

Title: Large families are becoming increasingly uncommon in India

Sub-title: Share of mothers by the number of children they have, over time

Explanation: The share of mothers with five or more children fell from 27% in 1993 to 8% in 2021, while the share with two children rose from 21% to 39%. Over the same period, the share with one child increased from 17% to 21%, the share with three children rose slightly from 20% to 22%, and the share with four children declined from 15% to 10%. The data excludes women with no children and includes sampled women ages 15–49.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute for Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 7d ago

🧵 New Data Byte: The richest Indian households can eat fruit most often, by Nileena Suresh India's richest households are nearly twice as likely to eat fruit every week as those who live in its poorest households. #Fruit #Food #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: Household weekly food consumption (2021)

Sub-title: The richest Indian households can eat fruit most often

Explanation: Fruit consumption rises sharply with household wealth: 69% of the richest households eat fruit weekly, compared with 52% of middle-income households and 36% of the poorest. Weekly fried food consumption is almost identical across wealth groups, at 43–44%.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute for Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last wk.

🧵 In 1950, a child born in India could expect to live only until the age of 41. By 2024, life expectancy at birth in India had risen to 72 years. #LifeExpectancy #Ageing #Population #India #DataForIndia

Title: The female advantage in life expectancy in India appeared only in the 1980s

Sub-title: Life expectancy at birth in India by gender, 1950–2024

Explanation: Life expectancy rose substantially for both women and men, from about 41 years in 1950 to 74 years for women and 71 years for men in 2024. Men had a slightly higher life expectancy until the early 1980s, when women overtook them. The female advantage then widened, reaching more than three years by 2024. Both groups experienced a sharp temporary decline around the COVID-19 pandemic.

Source: World Population Prospects, United Nations Population Division

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2w ago

🧵 More than half of Indian households own a motorcycle or scooter, while less than one in ten own a car or jeep as of 2024. This data comes from the nationally representative Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) conducted by the National Statistics Office. #TwoWheeler #Car #Vehicle

Title: Car ownership has significantly increased only for the richest Indians

Sub-title: Share of car ownership by household economic class, over time

Explanation: In 1988, fewer than 1% of households in every economic class owned a car. By 2024, ownership had risen to about 19% among the richest 20% of households and nearly 6% among the next-richest group. It remained below 3% for the other three groups, showing that the increase was concentrated among richer households.

Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2w ago

🧵 New Data Byte: In most Indian states, 90% of births now take place in healthcare facilities, by Nileena Suresh Institutional births refer to deliveries that take place in a health facility, whether public or private. As of 2021, nearly nine in ten births in India were institutional. #Birth

Title: Share of institutional births in India across states (2021)

Sub-title: Data Byte: In most Indian states, 90% of births now take place in healthcare facilities

Explanation: Most states report institutional birth shares of 80–100%. Meghalaya and Nagaland have the lowest shares, at around 50%, meaning nearly half of births in these two states happen at home.

Source: National Family Health Survey, IIPS

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2w ago

UPDATE: Our booth is now on the Ground floor! Come find us at IndiaFOSS 2026 this weekend at NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bengaluru.

Data For India@dataforindia.bsky.social · 2w ago

🧵 We are heading to IndiaFOSS 2026 this weekend! Sept 26–27 at NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bengaluru. #OpenData #PublicData #OpenSource #FOSS #DataForIndia

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2w ago

🧵 We are heading to IndiaFOSS 2026 this weekend! Sept 26–27 at NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bengaluru. #OpenData #PublicData #OpenSource #FOSS #DataForIndia

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2w ago

🧵 Obesity is rising in India. In 2021, almost a quarter of adults aged 15–49 were overweight or obese. By 2024, this figure had reached nearly 30%. #Obesity #Overweight #Health #DataForIndia #India

Title: A quarter of all Indian adults are overweight or obese

Sub-title: Share of overweight and obese men and women across sector (2021)

Explanation: Overweight and obesity were more common in urban India than in rural India. Among urban adults, 30% of men and 34% of women were overweight or obese. In rural areas, the corresponding shares were 19% for both men and women. Obesity alone was most prevalent among urban women, at 11%.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute for Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 3w ago

🧵 Six in ten workers in India are self-employed, making up the largest category of workers. #Employment #SelfEmployment #Work #India #DataForIndia

Title: The less educated are more likely to be self-employed in India

Sub-title: Type of employment, by education level (2024)

Explanation: Self-employment becomes less common as education levels rise, falling from 66% among illiterate workers to 40% among workers with higher education. Salaried work shows the opposite pattern, rising from about 7% among illiterate workers to 58% among those with higher education. Casual work also declines sharply, from 28% to about 2%.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 3w ago

🧵 New Data Byte: One in every 250 young men in Punjab and Delhi is in prison, by Ameya Bokil #Prison #Jail #Inmates #Law #India #DataForIndia

Title: Incarceration rate among men aged 18–30 years, 2023

Sub-title: One in every 250 young men in Punjab and Delhi is in prison

Explanation: In 2023, 144 of every 100,000 men aged 18–30 in India were in prison. The rate was nearly three times as high in Punjab and Delhi, at 418 and 423 per 100,000 respectively. This means roughly one in every 250 young men in these two states was incarcerated.

Source: Prison Statistics India, National Crime Records Bureau

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 3w ago

🧵 One in three young Indians were enrolled in higher education as of 2024. However, this is still below the enrolment rate in higher education of the world on average, as well as that of many developed countries. #Enrolment #Education #HigherEducation #India #DataForIndia

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 4w ago

🧵 When a country’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) drops to 2.1 children per woman, demographers say it has reached “replacement fertility”. #Fertility #Births #Population #India #DataForIndia

Title: The share of women in the labour force is more than twice as high in Viet Nam as in India, yet fertility rates are similar

Sub-title: Fertility rate and female labour force participation, by country (2022)

Explanation: In 2022, 76% of women in Viet Nam were in the labour force, compared with 32% in India. Despite this large difference, both countries had a total fertility rate of about 1.9 children per woman.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 4w ago

🧵 New Data Byte: Minimum temperatures in India are rising faster than maximum temperatures, by Juhi Chatterjee #Climate #Temperature #Heat #India #DataForIndia

Title: Annual minimum and maximum temperature anomalies

Sub-title: Minimum temperatures in India are rising faster than maximum temperatures

Explanation: Annual temperature anomalies in India fluctuate considerably from year to year, but both minimum and maximum temperatures have risen over time. The increase has accelerated in recent years, especially for minimum temperatures. In 2024, the minimum temperature anomaly reached about +0.9°C, the highest in the series and more than twice the maximum temperature anomaly of about +0.4°C.

Source: India Meteorological Department

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 4w ago

🧵 Poverty lines help compare living standards across countries. Since prices of goods and services vary across countries, the World Bank uses purchasing power parities (PPPs) to express them in a common currency. #Poverty #Economy #WorldBank #India #DataForIndia

Title: At the lower-middle-income poverty line, India’s poverty rate is still higher than the world average

Sub-title: Lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) poverty rate by country, over time

Explanation: India’s poverty rate at the lower-middle-income threshold fell from about 83% in 1977 to 24% in 2022, but remained above the world average of about 19% in 2024. China’s rate fell from nearly 100% in the early 1980s to almost zero by 2020.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last mo.

🧵 The first two years of life are critical for physical growth and brain development, making adequate nutrition essential. #Dairy #Nutrition #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: Only 2 in 3 children in India who are not breastfed receive the recommended quantity of milk

Sub-title: Milk consumption among children under the age of two (2021)

Explanation: Among children aged 6–23 months, 84% of female children and 85% of male children were breastfed. Among those who were not breastfed, 61% of female children and 64% of male children received the recommended minimum of two or more daily feedings of formula, animal milk or yogurt.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute for Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last mo.

🧵 New Data Byte: More pre-teens in India have used the internet than people in their 40s, by Abhishek Waghmare Internet usage in India is heavily concentrated among younger people. Of the 60% of Indians who had used the internet as of 2025, most are in their teens and twenties. #Internet

Title: Internet usage by age (2025)

Sub-title: More pre-teens in India have used the internet than people in their 40s

Explanation: Internet use rises sharply with age among children, from 8% of those aged 0–4 to 54% of those aged 5–9 and 81% of those aged 10–14. It peaks at 94% among both 15–19- and 20–29-year-olds, then falls steadily with age: 85% for ages 30–39, 65% for 40–49, 43% for 50–59, and 23% for people aged 60 and above.

Source: Comprehensive Modular Survey - Telecom, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last mo.

🧵 The quality of our homes is central to our health, comfort, safety and overall well-being. Six in ten Indian households lived in durable houses as of 2021. Another three in ten lived in partially durable houses. #House #Housing #LivingConditions #India #DataForIndia

Title: Six in ten Indian households live in fully durable houses

Sub-title: Share of fully durable houses in India, by state (2021)

Explanation: A choropleth map of India shows the share of households living in fully durable houses across states in 2021. Fully durable housing is more common in relatively prosperous states, with several northern and southern states nearing eight in ten households. The lowest shares are concentrated in the north-eastern states, where hilly and forested terrain, accessibility and connectivity affect the use of durable construction materials.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute for Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last mo.

🧵 Manufacturing is a key driver of India’s economy. Organised manufacturing that takes place mainly in factories accounts for 90% of the economic value created within manufacturing. #Factories #Jobs #Manufacturing #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: Contract workers make up a growing share of factory employment in India

Sub-title: Factory employment in India by employee category, over time

Explanation: Factory employment in India rising from around 8 million people in 2001 to 18.5 million in 2023. Directly employed workers remained the largest group, but their share fell from 61% to 47%. Contract workers grew faster, doubling their share from 16% to 32% over the same period. Managers and other employees made up smaller shares of total factory employment.

Source: Annual Survey of Industries, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last mo.

🧵 New Data Byte: Manufacturing has played a shrinking role in most industrialised states in India, by Abhishek Waghmare #Manufacturing #Industry #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: Manufacturing's share of state domestic product over time

Sub-title: Manufacturing has played a shrinking role in most industrialised states in India.

Explanation: Manufacturing's share of state domestic product in five industrialised Indian states from 2012 to 2022. Gujarat is the clear outlier, rising from about 24% in 2012 to around 35% in 2022. The other four states either declined or stayed broadly flat. Maharashtra fell from about 21% to around 16%, Karnataka from about 17% to around 13%, Tamil Nadu from about 20% to around 19%, and Haryana stayed close to 18-19%.

Source: National Accounts Statistics, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · last mo.

🧵 Having a graduate degree is an important marker of educational achievement, and is linked to greater access to more skilled and better-paying jobs. #Graduates #HigherStudies #Employment #India #DataForIndia

Title: The share of graduates in India's population is higher than in many comparable countries

Sub-title: Share of people aged 25 and above with a bachelor's degree, 2023

Explanation: India stands with 15% of adults aged 25 and above having a bachelor's degree. This is higher than Bangladesh at 8%, Indonesia at 9%, and Viet Nam at 11%, but lower than Italy at 18% and France at 24%. The highest shares shown are in Finland at 30%, Germany at 31%, Canada at 33%, and the United States at 39%.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 Infant mortality, or the death of a child before her first birthday, is a key measure of public health. It reflects the conditions into which children are born, including access to healthcare, nutrition and sanitation. #Infant #Deaths #Mortality #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: Infant deaths are falling in India, but are increasingly concentrated in the first month after birth

Sub-title: Neonatal and post-neonatal infant mortality per 1,000 live births, over time

Explanation: A stacked area chart shows that India’s infant mortality rate has declined sharply since 1981. Neonatal mortality, or deaths in the first month after birth, has fallen more slowly than post-neonatal mortality. As a result, infant deaths are now increasingly concentrated in the first month after birth.

Source: Annual Statistical Reports, Sample Registration System

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 New Data Byte: A higher education is associated with a significant wage premium in India, by Abhishek Waghmare #Education #Salary #Work #India #DataForIndia

Title: Wages of salaried workers by years spent in education (2024)

Sub-title: A higher education is associated with a significant wage premium in India

Explanation: Wages are relatively flat for workers with zero to eight years of education, mostly staying below ₹13,000. They begin to rise more clearly after around 10 years of education, reaching about ₹17,500 for workers with 11 to 12 years of education. Wages increase further for workers with higher education, rising to about ₹22,000 to ₹26,500 for those with 13 to 15 years of education, and nearly ₹40,000 for those with 16 or more years of education.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 More than one-third of India's manufacturing workforce today, or 23 million workers, is female. #Women #Work #Jobs #Manufacturing #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: More than a third of India’s manufacturing workers are women

Sub-title: Share of women in each state’s manufacturing workforce in 2024

Explanation: A map of India shows that women make up more than one-third of the country’s manufacturing workforce. Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur have among the highest shares, with women accounting for over half of all manufacturing workers. Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh are also close to gender parity. Delhi, Haryana and Goa have some of the lowest shares of women in manufacturing.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 Access to mobile phones and the internet has grown rapidly in India, but many people still lack the technical skills needed to communicate, learn and work effectively using these technologies. #ICT #Technology #DigitalIndia #India #DataForIndia

Title: Only half of all Indian adults can send messages, and a quarter can send emails

Sub-title: ICT skills among Indian adults aged 15+ (2023)

Explanation: Horizontal bar chart showing the share of Indian adults aged 15 and above who reported having different ICT skills in the preceding three months. Sending messages (includes email) is the most common skill, reported by 53% of adults. Sending emails is much lower, at 26%. Around one in five adults can download and install software (23%), transfer files between devices (19%), or connect and install devices (17%). More advanced skills are rarer: 9% can use formulae in spreadsheets, about 6% can create presentations, and about 1% can write programs or code.

Source: Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 New Data Byte: The gap in life expectancy between India and the UK has halved since Independence, by Rukmini S In 1950, a child born in India could expect to live only until the age of 41, while a child born in the United Kingdom the same year could expect to live to 69 years. #Population

Title: Life expectancy at birth

Sub-title: The gap in life expectancy between India and the UK has halved since Independence

Explanation: A line chart compares life expectancy at birth in India and the United Kingdom from 1950 to 2024. In 1950, life expectancy was about 41 years in India and 69 years in the UK. Both countries improved over time, but India’s gains were much steeper, rising to about 72 years by 2024. The UK rose more gradually to about 81 years. The gap between the two countries narrowed from nearly three decades in 1950 to less than a decade in 2024. India shows a sharp temporary drop around the COVID-19 pandemic before recovering.

Source: World Population Prospects, United Nations Population Division

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 India's informal sector has remained large over the last two decades despite economic growth. Nine in ten workers in India work in the informal sector, defined as either share of employment outside the formal sector or as informal employment. #Jobs #InformalSector #Work #India #DataForIndia

Title: Service sectors are more likely to have formal jobs in India

Sub-title: Formal and informal jobs by industry (2024)

Explanation: Construction, trade and hotels, and manufacturing have the largest informal workforces, with 72 million, 71 million, and 57 million informal workers respectively. Manufacturing also has 13 million formal workers. Health and education has a more balanced split, with 14 million formal workers and 13 million informal workers. Service sectors such as information and communication, public administration, and financial services have smaller total workforces but a higher share of formal employment.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office; Population Projections, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 Over two-thirds of children under the age of five in India were anaemic as of 2021, according to the National Family Health Survey’s (NFHS) 5th round. #Women #Children #Anaemia #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: Anaemia levels among children in India are notably higher than in comparable countries

Sub-title: Prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in India and Rwanda

Explanation: India’s rate declined from about 69% in 2000 to 53% in 2019, but remained higher than Rwanda’s throughout the period. Rwanda’s rate fell more sharply, from about 61% in 2000 to 38% in 2019. Both countries used the capillary method for blood collection.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 New Data Byte: Most tobacco consumption in India is of gutkha, not cigarettes, by Nileena Suresh #Tobacco #Gutkha #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: Type of tobacco consumed by men who use tobacco (2021)

Sub-title: Most tobacco consumption in India is of gutkha, not cigarettes

Explanation: The chart compares the type of tobacco consumed by urban and rural men in India who use tobacco. Gutkha or paan masala is the most common form in both groups, at 37%. Cigarettes are more common among urban men, while khaini and bidi are more common among rural men.

Note: Khaini is a mixture of tobacco leaves and slaked lime.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute For Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Data For India @dataforindia.bsky.social · 2mo ago

🧵 The term 'demographic dividend' refers to a boost in economic growth that a country with a large share of its population in the working age can expect to benefit from, provided the right policies are in operation. #Births #Deaths #Fertility #Population #India #DataForIndia