New associated postcranial remains from the Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia) provide insights on behaviors and ecology of early Homo

Abstract The genus Homo Linnaeus, 1758 is hypothesized to have ecologically diverged from australopiths (Australopithecus Dart, 1925 and Paranthropus Broom, 1938) between 2.8 Ma and 1.9 Ma. Compared to australopiths, the behavioral re

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Fission yeast cells use distinct cell size control mechanisms for size adaptation to osmotic, oxidative, or low glucose conditions

Abstract Cells maintain an appropriate size to function, yet the mechanisms that enable size adaptation to environmental stress remain poorly understood. Fission yeast cells enter mitosis and divide at a threshold size when cyclin-dep

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Unlocking new understanding of <i>Plasmodium</i> sporozoite biology with expansion microscopy

Abstract Transmission of malaria relies on the formation of sporozoites in the mosquito midgut and their subsequent invasion of the salivary gland. Despite their importance, our understanding of the cell biology of

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Heterochronic scaling of neurogenesis for species-specific dosing of cortical excitatory subtypes

Abstract Mammals share a laminar cerebral cortex, with excitatory neuron subtypes organized in distinct layers. Although this framework is conserved, subtype balance varies markedly between species due to unknown mechanisms. This stud

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Functional Profiling of 2,193 <i>ASS1</i> Missense Variants: Insights into Variant Pathogenicity and Epistatic Interactions in Citrullinemia Type I

Abstract Sequence variants in the urea cycle gene argininosuccinate synthase ( ASS1 ) cause Citrullinemia type 1 (CTLN1), a rare autosomal recessive disease. Mechanistically, redu

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RamanMAE: Masked Autoencoders Enable Efficient Molecular Imaging by Learning Biologically Meaningful Spectral Representations

Abstract Traditional histopathological analysis of cells and tissue relies on morphological features from stained biopsy samples, which fail to leverage the wealth of chemical information about the underlying pathological states

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Reconstitution of actomyosin networks in cell-sized liposomes reveals distinct mechanical roles of cytoskeletal organization in membrane shape remodeling

Abstract The actin cortex, a thin layer of actomyosin network beneath the plasma membrane, regulates various cell functions by generating active forces and inducing membrane deformations, including blebs

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Adoption of Preprinting Across Scientific Disciplines and Geographical Regions (1991-2023)

Abstract Preprinting has become an increasingly important component of the scholarly communication system, facilitating rapid open dissemination of scientific knowledge

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Intra-manchette transport employs both microtubule and actin tracks

Abstract The manchette is a transient microtubule based structure that plays a vital role in nuclear shaping during spermio-genesis

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Adoption of Preprinting Across Scientific Disciplines and Geographical Regions (1991-2023)

Abstract Preprinting has become an increasingly important component of the scholarly communication system, facilitating rapid open dissemination of scientific knowledge

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Intra-manchette transport employs both microtubule and actin tracks

Abstract The manchette is a transient microtubule based structure that plays a vital role in nuclear shaping during spermio-genesis

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Behavioral flexibility is related to foraging, but not social or habitat use behaviors, in a species that is rapidly expanding its range

Abstract The ability of other species to adapt to human modified environments is increasingly crucial because of the rapid expansion of this landscape type

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Succinate Dehydrogenase loss causes cascading metabolic effects that impair pyrimidine biosynthesis

Abstract Impaired availability of the amino acid aspartate can be a metabolic constraint of cell proliferation in diverse biological contexts

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Direct cell-to-cell transmission of retrotransposons

Abstract Transposable elements are abundant in host genomes but are generally considered to be confined to the cell in which they are expressed, with the notable exception of endogenous retroviruses

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A prophage-encoded anti-phage defense system that prevents phage DNA packaging by targeting the terminase complex

Abstract A unique feature of temperate phages is the ability to protect their host bacteria from a second phage infection

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An immunomechanical checkpoint PYK2 governs monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a fibrotic, stiff tumor microenvironment (TME), where tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) drive ECM remodeling, progression, and immune evasion

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Clinical aspects and short-term prognosis in a cohort of patients with infective endocarditis, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Brazil, in-hospital mortality and predictors of readmission and mortality up to six months after hospital discharge

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PrEP Surfing: HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP ) Use of Sexual Partners as HIV Prevention Strategy Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, an Analysis of the Amsterdam Cohort Studies

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Influenza virus antagonizes self sensing by RIG-I to enhance viral replication

Abstract Innate immune sensors must finely distinguish pathogens from the host to mount a response only during infection

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Sex-dependent effects of a gestational ketogenic diet on offspring birth and lifespan

Abstract Low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets (KDs) are used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, and other potential benefits for treating neurological disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer are being explored

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The long-term risk of tuberculosis among individuals with Xpert Ultra “trace” screening results: a longitudinal follow-up study

Abstract BackgroundSystematic screening for tuberculosis using Xpert Ultra generates “trace” results of uncertain significance

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Rpv2is part of a cluster of NLRs specific toVitis rotundifoliaand confers extreme resistance to grapevine downy mildew

Abstract Downy mildew caused by the oomycetePlasmopara viticolais one of the most important diseases affecting grapevine

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Infection-on-Chip: anin vitrohuman vessel model to studyNeisseria meningitidiscolonization and vascular damages

Abstract Systemic infections leading to sepsis are life-threatening conditions that remain difficult to treat, and the development of innovative therapies is hampered by the limitations of current experimental models

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Drug-Induced p53 Activation Limits Pancreatic Cancer Initiation

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease, initiated predominantly by mutations inKras, which induce acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and subsequent formation of precursor lesions, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neop

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Intestinal stem cell renewal controlled by capillary morphogenesis gene 2 following injury

Abstract Patients with the rare genetic disorder Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome (HFS) often succumb before 18 months of age due to severe diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy

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The hepatitis E virus capsid protein ORF2 counteracts cell-intrinsic antiviral responses to enable persistence in hepatocytes

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant human pathogen causing both acute and chronic infections worldwide

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Healthy microbiome - moving towards functional interpretation

Abstract Microbiome-based disease prediction has significant potential as an early, non-invasive marker of multiple health conditions linked to dysbiosis of the human gut microbiota, thanks in part to decreasing sequencing and analysis costs

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Genomic and transcriptomic analyses ofHeteropoda venatoriareveal the expansion of P450 family for starvation resistance in spider

Abstract BackgroundSpiders generally exhibit robust starvation resistance, with hunting spiders, represented byHeteropoda venatoria, being particularly outstanding in this regard

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Screening for links between behaviour and acute hyperthermia and hypoxia resistance in rainbow trout using isogenic lines

Abstract In the context of adaptation to climate change, acute hyperthermia and hypoxia resistance are traits of growing interest in aquaculture

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Scales of marine endemism in oceanic islands and the Provincial-Island endemism

Abstract Oceanic islands are remote environments commonly harboring endemic species, which often are unique lineages originated and maintained by a variety of ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary processes

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