H5 genomic coverage relative to reported outbreak burden across nine South Asian countries during 2015–2025: Of 919 H5 isolates, 814 (89%) came from Bangladesh. 👉 www.medrxiv.org/content/10.6...
Michelle Wille
@duckswabber.bsky.social
Avian influenza & avian virome ecology | "Expert in Ducks" | (she/her) | michellewille.com
H5N1 viruses were introduced into Pennsylvania at least 68 independent times, high transmission risk within the Northeast live bird market distribution system. 9 known adaptive mutations in these samples, including one PB2 D701N in a LBM chicken 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Fatal infection due to HPAI H5N5 in 2025. Virus lacked features associated with viruses that are sucessful for human infection and transmission. In ferrets, no transmission via direct contact and moderate severity. 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Cohort of 1,845 lactating Holstein cows. Affected animals had milk losee of 9.6% prt 305d = $569 per cow. Higher losses in multiparous cows + higher seroconversion. 63.2% cows that were ELISA-positive had milk loss. No evidence of carryover effects 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
established and characterized bovine mammary gland organoids from primary epithelial cells > efficient, scalable model reconstructs structural and functional hallmarks of the bovine udder. H1N1 + H5N1 had matched efficiency. 👉 www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
December 2024–March 2026, serum samples from indoor and outdoor cats within 6 miles of >1 dairy farms. 3 +ve for antibodies, including an indoor only cat. 👉 wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/...
In 2024, human HPAI H5N1, British Columbia w mixed of HA-190D + 226H: HA-E190D marginally reduced sialic acid α2,3 receptors' affinity, while HA-Q226H impaired both sialic acid α2,3 and α2,6 receptors' binding 👉 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
Risk of HPAI poultry outbreaks in Australia through determining environmental suitability, and predictor levels including bird abundance and poultry density. 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Emerging H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, but not historical H5 lineages, bind human MHC-II HLA-DR and mediate sialic acid-independent cell entry 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
2024, two human cases w D1.1. Mutations in HA-190, 226. These mutations dont confer any α2,6 receptor binding, but do weaken α2,3 binding. Also evade human airway mucus, and a reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir. 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Infection of lactating sows: Intramammary inoculation of lactating sows =sustained viral RNA shedding in milk. Piglets =sporadic oral viral RNA - mirrored viral kinetics in milk. none of the animals developed overt clinical disease 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Outbreak investigation reports from 311 HPAI-affected farms in S. Korea. Wildlife control most frequent deficiency (85.9%), operational management (65.9%) + related to anteroom biosecurity measures in barns (56.3%). 👉 www.frontiersin.org/journals/vet...
14 year AIV dataset from SE Alaska: virus prevalence 🔺 during periods of HPAIV introduction. Reassortment > novel HPAIV genotypes +1 LPAIV w a HPAIV gene segment. The proportion of Eurasian-lineage gene segments 🔺 following introduction of HPAIVs in 2022 👉 www.nature.com/articles/s44...
Observational case–control study, 2013-17, serum from 199 Chinese patients with H7N9 infection + controls screened for IgG autoantibodies. Neutralising autoantibodies against at least one IFN-I were detected in 19.1% patients. 👉 www.thelancet.com/journals/ebi...
France:national vaccination program for ducks, October 2023. Post vaxx surveillance: 92.3% of the establishments housing vaccinated ducks carried out at least one surveillance operation over the studied period. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
27 LBMs across 4 provinces of N Vietnam. Small-scale, high-surplus sellers 🔺higher risk of promoting AIV-frequent sourcing from traders, high proportions of unsold birds, and prolonged poultry stay. Highest H9N2 prev. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Metaanalysis of the impact of HPAI H5N1 on milk production and on cattle. Active outbreaks remain present in herds for 30-45 days. 🔻 7.52% per-cow average daily milk production 👉 ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/40469...
inoculated genotype D1.2 virus into pigs, isolated virus from nasal secretions from most inoculated animals for multiple days. Systemic infection. identifying infection in commercial swine without overt respiratory signs could be difficult 👉 wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/...
replication kinetics + immune expression in human bronchial epithelials +bovine mammary epithelials infected with B3.13, D1.1, B3.2. All replicated in human epithelials. Replication and immune activation varied in bovine cells = genotype + cell type differences 👉 journals.asm.org/doi/full/10....
PB1 and PB2 of H5N1 detected in Romania, 2017-2024 sequenced. Similar to viruses in E. Europe and Russia. PB1 all the same, but some diversity in PB2. 👉 www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/15...
Generation of 3 synthetic RNA materials of H5N1: HA, NA, M1 and M2 proteins. Generated to be reference materials for molecular diagnostics development 👉 link.springer.com/article/10.1...
HPAI H5N1 in a 1-year-old polar bear + adjacent adult Atlantic walrus found dead in Raudfjorden, Svalbard. Sequences had PB2-E627V. Polar bears seen feeding on walrus carcass. 75-95% of polar bear sera +ve for H5 antibodies 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
mAbs generated against H9N2 bound to HA. two minimal linear epitopes in the RBD: 123FSSSRSYQ130 within the vestigial esterase domain and 201NLYTRTDTT209 👉 link.springer.com/article/10.1...
Costa Rica reported its first HPAI H5N1 case on 19 January 2023. From 24 Jan to 27 Jan, 3/4 of chickens and ducks seroconverted. Sequences from tissues: not all the same, but likely separate introductions into Costa Rica. 👉 www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/18...
Tested hypothesis that LPAI H7 prev increases in wild brids prior to emergence of HPAI H7 + associated outbreaks in poultry. Here, no evidence for this, but relationship b/w puoltry outbreaks and rainfall. 👉 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
South Korea, 2023–2024, H6N1 in wild birds + broiler duck farm w recurrent infection. 18 H6N1 isolates, comprising 14 from wild birds and four from the affected farm - 8 genotypes. Wild bird intro to farm, but then farm persistence. 👉 link.springer.com/article/10.1...
Complete genome sequence a G5.7 lineage H9N2 virus used by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute-developed A/H9N2 vaccine strain 👉 journals.asm.org/doi/full/10....
single-cell RNA sequencing + spatial transcriptomics to compare the immune landscapes in mouse lungs. H1N1 infection=robust interferon + inflammatory responses. H5N1 2321 =attenuated interferon signaling, delayed monocyte activation etc. 👉 journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/...
Engineered sialic acid-anchored tandem M-SiaB w HA stalk -specific monoclonal NAb with a sialic acid-receptor-binding domain = 🔺 4-20x neutrilising potency = strategy to enhance potency + breadth of NAbs against genetically divergent pathogenic influenza viruses. 👉 link.springer.com/article/10.1...
