From our special issue: Women’s political exclusion often begins before election day. In Japan’s local politics, opaque party endorsement works as an “invisible barrier,” constraining women’s agency through discretionary gatekeeping long before voters reach the ballot. tinyurl.com/3m7ztwj8
Pre-Electoral Party Gatekeeping as an Invisible Barrier to Women’s Local Representation in Japan
Candidate recruitment is vital to democratic gatekeeping, yet Japan’s party endorsement (kōnin) remains opaque and discretionary. This article argues that opaque and discretionary endorsement proce...
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