#OnThisDay 732 A battle took place between Poitiers and Tours, in northern Aquitaine (modern-day France) between Charles Martel & Umayyad Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi, governor of al-Andalus. #CharlesTheHammer was victorius, and the history of Western Europe was changed for centuries to come.

#OnThisDay 1800 The #Quasi-War (an undeclared war between the U.S. & France) came to an end. The Convention of 1800 ended the Quasi-War, eventually led to the ‘Louisiana Purchase’, and also ensured that the U.S. would remain neutral for much of the Napoleonic Wars. #DontTouchMyBoats

#OnThisDay 1908 The first #Ford #ModelT left the factory, revolutionizing personal transportation in the United States, and propelling the world into a future of automobiles powered by the gasoline burning internal combustion engine. Gas was around 20 cents a gallon.

#OnThisDay 1066 Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, led his army into battle against a #Viking army at #StamfordBridge. Despite many acts of bravery, including a single #berserker holding the bridge, the Anglo-Saxons were victorious. The battle marked the end of the Viking Age.

#OnThisDay 1483 The Second #Defenestration of Prague occurred. A group of religious reformists known as the Utraquists carried out a violent coup. They threw the Burgomaster (Chief Magistrate) out of the window of the town hall. They threw the dead bodies of seven town councilmembers out as well.

The Wheel of the Year continues to Turn... Summer balances on the edge of Winter. The Day and Night stand equal. 🌞🌝 Joyous Mabon, One and All! Happy Autumn Equinox! Glückliches Fallfest! It's Fall, y'all!! 🌒🌔🌘 🍂💨 Yay!! 🍁 😃

#OnThisDay 1937 A children’s book was published by Allen and Unwin, written by #J.R.R.Tolkien. Despite the greater success of the sequel to #TheHobbit , for many children the words: “In a hole in the ground there lived a Hobbit…” are still their first steps into the world of #MiddleEarth.

At sundown today begins… #YomKippur, the Jewish Day of atonement, the holiest day in Judaism. when the Book of Life is sealed for the year. In ancient times, the High Priest would enter the Holy of Holies (containing the Ark of the Covenant) and offer the blood of sacrifice and incense to Yahweh.

#OnThisDay 1787 The U.S. #Constitution was signed in Philadelphia Pennsylvania “…in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity…”

At sundown, Rosh Hashanah begins. The Jewish New Year celebration. The feast celebrates the creation of the Universe & the day when God created Adam & Eve. It is celebrated with the shofar & sweet foods for a sweet year. It begins the High Holy Days, which end with Yom Kippur 10 days later.

#OnThisDay, #September11 It is important that we never forget the tragedy that occurred. But also remember how we all came together, as a single Nation, to help one another. We should strive to always hold to the principle that has guided our nation for so long: E pluribus unum - Out of many, one.

#OnThisDay 1857 The #MountainMeadowsMassacre occurred, when a group of Mormons from the Nauvoo Legion Militia gunned down more than 120 settlers in cold blood. They attacked believing they were part of a larger effort on the part of the U.S. Government to invade the region as part of the #MormonWar

#OnThisDay 1695 #Pirate Captain #HenryAvery perpetrated one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship, the “Ganj-i-sawai”. He retired successful and rich. Legend has it that he used his wealth and power to found the pirate utopia called #Libertalia.

#OnThisDay 1303 #Pope Boniface VIII was arrested on the orders of #KingPhilip IV of France. After arresting Boniface VIII, King Phillip forced subsequent Popes to move the Papal Court from Rome to the French city of #Avignon, a period known to some as the #BabylonianCaptivity of the Papacy.

Happy #LaborDay! A celebration of the working classes; those hard-working people who are the backbone of all countries, and without whom no country could function. It is also a celebration of #UnionLabor, without whom we would not have things like an 8-hour workday, or a 5-day work week.

#OnThisDay 476 The last Western #RomanEmperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by Odoacer who then proclaimed himself King of Italy, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire. The #RomanEmpire itself, however, would not fall until Constantinople was taken by the Ottomans in 1453.

#OnThisDay 1907 A series of violent attacks occurred in #Bellingham, WA, targeting Americans of Asian descent, part of the wider Pacific Coast #raceriots of 1907, which also targeted other Asian groups. The mob dragged the Indian workers into the streets, beat them, and stole their valuables.

#OnThisDay… U.S. Army soldiers attacked a camp of 250 Brulé #Lakota along the Blue Water Creek, in present-day Nebraska. Almost 100 Lakota were killed, about ½ of them women and children, and a further 70 women and children were taken prisoner. It was called the “Battle of #AshHollow.”

#OnThisDay 1921 #BattleOfBlairMountain the largest #labor uprising in U.S. history and the largest armed uprising since the Civil War, ended. 10,000 coal miners fought against 3,000 police and strikebreakers who were backed by rich corporations. The corporations even had planes drop bombs on miners.

#OnThisDay 1913 The first #BloodySunday in Ireland - also called the #DublinLockout- occurred. Dublin Metro Police and RIC attacked a crowd at a trade union speech. 2 people were killed, and more than 300 injured. There were 3 other -even more violent- Bloody Sundays in Irish history.

#OnThisDay 1786 Farmers, workers & veterans in Mass. began to protest a tax & debt collection system used to pay off government debt by taking people’s homes, as well as political corruption, rampant cronyism, & civil rights abuses. It is known as #ShaysRebellion after it's leader Daniel Shays.

#OnThisDay 1896… The shortest war in recorded history occurred when the British Empire went to war against the Sultanate of #Zanzibar. The Royal Navy opened fire at 9:02 A.M. The Zanzibarian flag over the palace of the Sultan was struck at 9:40 A.M. & the war ended having lasted a total of 38 mins.

#OnThisDay 1346 The Battle of #Crécy occurred. The French army greatly outnumbered the English, and so they attacked. Struggling uphill through the mud, the French were cut down by #longbow fire and killed in vicious fighting that was "murderous, without pity, cruel, and very horrible."

#ONThisDay 1572 The #St.Bartholomew'sDay massacre occurred. This was a series of targeted killings and mob violence enacted by Catholics in France against #Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants). Estimates for the number of dead across France vary widely, from 5,000 to 30,000.

#OnThisDay 1669 20 women, and 1 man were beheaded, and then burned for #witchcraft in Mora, #Sweden. They were accused primarily by children, then tortured into confessing. The children were punished as well, often by flogging. 15 children were also executed.

#OnThisDay in the years 410 and 455 The city of #Rome was sacked. First by the #Visigoths, and then by the #Vandals, who looted great amounts of treasure and damaged many objects of cultural significance by stripping away the gold, silver, and other precious items. Hence the term #vandalism.

#OnThisDay 1917… The #HoustonRaceRiot- a mutiny and riot by black soldiers- occurred. It occurred as a result of #JimCrow laws, overt racial hostility, and physical violence from members of the all-white Houston Police Department against the black soldiers & members of the local black community.

#OnThisDay 1831 #NatTurner’sRebellion of enslaved peoples in Virginia was ruthlessly suppressed by the local militia. More than 200 enslaved people were killed, many were innocent, and killed by mobs. #NatTurner's body was dissected and flayed, and his skin was used to make souvenir purses.

On this day 1642 King Charles I raised his banner, signaling the start of the #EnglishCivilWar between the #Royalists who supported the King (as well as the idea of rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the 'divine right of kings'), and the Parliamentarians -or #Roundheads.

#OnThisDay 1932 Retired Marine Corps Mjr Gen #SmedleyButler was asked by a group of wealthy businessmen to lead a coup d'état to overthrow the government of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and to install a fascist dictatorship in it place, with Butler as it leader. The #BuisnessPlot