Map Myths

@mapmyths.com

Map Myths delves into the stories and people behind the phantom geography found on maps - by @rhewlif.xyz Myth map 👉 https://mapmyths.com Long reads 👉 https://mapmyths.com/blog

When Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) was discovered in 1642 by Abel Tasman, it appeared on contemporary maps as an isolated coastline. Its insular nature would not be confirmed for another 150 years.

Map: Magnum Mare del Zur cum Insula California (Frederick de Wit, 1690). Source: David RumseyMap: Hemisphere Meridional (Guillaume de L'Isle, 1714). Source: David Rumsey

It’s #MapMonsterMonday! Gerard Mercator’s 1600-1699 map of South America features a very spiny fish, a flying fish, a Patagonian giant, and some folks potentially exploring Antarctic waters. This map is held by the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

A lighthouse built on the Baltic island of Märket ended up redrawing an international border. In 1885, when Finland was part of the Russian Empire, a much-needed lighthouse was planned - the treacherous island had contributed to the sinking of eight ships in 1873 alone.

Märket on the border between Finland and Sweden
Karta öfver Åland (Nordisk familjebok, 1922). Source: Projekt RunebergMap of Märket
Source: https://www.histdoc.net/historia/se/market.html

The legend of Prester John goes back to the mid-12th century, and tells of a Christian king of enormous wealth and power. His kingdom was initially thought to lie in Asia. The idea that it could lie in Africa emerged once Europeans began to learn about the real Christian kingdom of Ethiopia.

The Fra Mauro world map (1459). 
'Here is the principal residence of Prester John'
Source: https://mostre.museogalileo.it/framauro/en/interactive-exploration/explore.htmlPrester John enthroned in East Africa. The Queen Mary Atlas (Diogo Homem, c.1559). Source: British Library

The Royal Cartographer to France created a rare mistake in 1780 by mapping 'Alaschka' as an island. The name derives from the Aleut language, meaning 'the mainland'. This early attempt at rendering the Aleutian Islands came just after Cook's voyage to the Pacific Northwest returned in 1779.

'Alaschka' as an island. Map: Planisphere suivant la projection de Mercator (Rigobert Bonne, 1780). Source: Yale UniversityMap: Planisphere suivant la projection de Mercator (Rigobert Bonne, 1780). Source: Yale University

Muhammad Al-Idrisi's world map from 1154 is one of the most advanced of its time, drawn for the Norman king of Sicily, Roger II. To ensure its accuracy, 15 years were spent examining existing maps and interviewing travellers. Note that south is at the top of the map.

Tabula Rogeriana, drawn by al-Idrisi for Roger II of Sicily in 1154. Modern consolidation, created from al-Idrisi's 70 double-page spreads.Source: BNF(Rotated) Tabula Rogeriana, drawn by al-Idrisi for Roger II of Sicily in 1154. Modern consolidation, created from al-Idrisi's 70 double-page spreads.Source: BNF

During the first circumnavigation of the world, Ferdinand Magellan came across only two islands during their traverse of the Pacific Ocean. One found on 24th January 1521 was named San Pablo, probably the Puka-Puka atoll in the north-eastern Tuamotu Archipelago.

NASA astronaut image of Puka Puka Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) in the Pacific OceanMap of Tuamotus

A new island was just discovered in Antarctica. And it definitely isn't an iceberg. The 'dirty iceberg' spotted by RV Polarstern in the Weddell Sea turned out to be a rocky island 130 metres long & 50 metres wide. The naming process is underway.

Uncharted island soon to appear on nautical charts

A 93-strong international expedition team has been exploring the northwestern Weddell Sea in the Antarctic on board the Alfred Wegener Institute's icebreaker Polarstern since 8 February 2026. In this ...

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Early explorations of the Paraguay River and the discovery of the vast Pantanal floodplain soon led to the embellishment of a vast inland sea. Initially, it went by the name of Eupana on Portuguese and other European maps.

Map: Bartolomeu Velho, 1561. Source: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza Aerial view of Pantanal Wetlands in Brazil. Source: GreenpeaceMap: America (Mercator & Hondius, 1623). Source: David Rumsey

The mis-sighting of the Croker Mountains represents probably one of the most significant mistakes made in the race to find a Northwest Passage during the 19th century.

A General Chart Shewing the Track and Discoveries of H.M. Ships Isabella & Alexander to Davis's Straits and Baffins Bay in an attempt to discover a passage into the Pacific Ocean (John Ross, 1819)John Ross c. 1833

📣 NEW BLOG POST: From Puritan paradise to debaucherous hellhole. Once hailed as a royal gift ripe for the taking, the island of Fonseca eventually became synonymous with debauchery and the worst of 'colonial vices'.

Providencia and its barrier reefs, as seen by Landsat 9. Source: NASA

The Nimrod Islands were first reported by Captain Henry Eilbeck of the ship Nimrod, who passed them while sailing across the Pacific between Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) and Rio Janeiro in 1828. He noted a great quantity of marine 'vegetables' and numerous birds and amphibious animals.

Map: World, Mercator's projection (John Arrowsmith, 1835). Source: David RumseyMap: Antarctic research : series of maps illustrating Dr. John Murray's address, 1893 (John Bartholomew, 1894). Source: David Rumsey

A surveying mistake made in 1841 near Vancouver can still be found on Google Maps. Gordon and Adolphus islands were inexplicably charted within the San Juan Islands in Washington by Lieut. Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition, even though neither existed.

Map: Atlas of the Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition : during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 (Charles Wilkes, 1844). Source: Library of Congress

Spot the difference...1541 vs 1561 and the correction of the Yucatan island to a peninsula. Traces of the mistaken coastline are still evident on the printing block used for Ruscelli's 1561 version of his 'New Spain' map.

Map: Nueva Hispania tabula nova (Giacomo Gastaldi, 1548). Source: David RumseyMap: Nueva Hispania tabula nova (Girolamo Ruscelli, 1561). Source: David Rumsey

Johnston Atoll was inadvertently discovered when two ships simultaneously ran aground on its northern reef in 1796. Captain Pierpont conveyed his experience to several American newspapers, along with reasonably accurate coordinates. But Pierpont would not be the one to name the atoll.

"DISCOVERY. In lat. 16, 45, N. long. 169, 38 W. from London, on my passage from the Sandwich Islands to China, the 2d. of Sept. 1796, at midnight, in company with the sch. Prince William Henry, William Wake, master, of London, we both ran ashore on the North-side of a reef of Coral rocks and sand, where we continued until the next day noon─at which time the weather being very clear, we saw two small Islands of Sand, bearing W by N. 4 or 5 miles distant; and from our topgallant-mast-head, we saw the shoal extending E.S.E. southerly round to W.S.W.─but how far we were not able to determine. Keep the lat. 17. N. and the shoal will not be seen. JOSEPH PIERPONT." 

Philadelphia Gazette, September 18 1797.Bild

According to the English hydrographer, John Purdy, Walker's Islands were first reported by a Captain Walker in 1814, described as low and well-wooded. Their coordinates were recorded as 3°34'N, 149°15'W.

Map: Carte particuliere de la Polynesie, (partie de l'Oceanie). (Adrien Hubert Brue, 1827). Source: David Rumsey