Freunde der Path.-Anat. Sammlung Wien des NHM - PASW

@pasw.eurosky.social

Account der Freunde der Path.-Anat. Sammlung Wien des Naturhistorischen Museums - PASW #bsmuseums

Did you know? In the Victorian era, families were so accustomed to living alongside death that they sometimes shared beds with dead or dying relatives? For poor families living in overcrowded conditions, there was little separation between the living, the dying, and the dead. #Victorian #history

It shows a small child sitting in bed.

3) If they ask, "Is this related to the Black Death?," we need to (a) remind ourselves that we don't yet have specifics about this case (incl. whether this is really Y. pestis), but (b) strains descended from the late medieval proliferation of plague do still persist in the region. This is not news.

2) If this is plague, then it's important to point out that plague (unlike smallpox) was never eradicated. We still live w/ it in many natural environments (including in the U.S.), & that's why we *want* on-going research. The circumstances of this Russian lab accident remain to be clarified.

Chart from a 1955 study counting known incidents of plague found in the United States between 1902 and 1951. Shown are the incidents in Colorado.
Source: Link, Vernon B. A History of Plague in the United States of America, Public Health Service monograph No. 26, 1955.

#MedievalSky In case your students this week come in w/ questions about the Russian plague case currently in the news, you can tell them: 1) if this is plague (Yersinia pestis), there is nothing unusual about it (a) being in Russia or (b) being the subject of lab research. Plague is worldwide.

The opening of a 2019 study of the 20th-century Soviet system for controlling plague. Citation: Susan D. Jones, Bakyt Atshabar, Boris V. Schmid, Marlene Zuk, Anna Amramina, and Nils Chr. Stenseth. "Living with Plague: Lessons from the Soviet Union's Antiplague Syste," PNAS 116, no. 19 (6 May 2019), 9155-9163, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817339116.
Abstract: Zoonoses, such as plague, are primarily animal diseases that spill over into human populations. While the goal of eradicating such diseases is enticing, historical experience validates abandoning eradication in favor of ecologically based control strategies (which reduce morbidity and mortality to a locally accepted risk level). During the 20th century, one of the most extensive plague-eradication efforts in recorded history was undertaken to enable large-scale changes in land use in the former Soviet Union (including vast areas of central Asia). Despite expending tremendous resources in its attempt to eradicate plague, the Soviet antiplague response gradually abandoned the goal of eradication in favor of plague control linked with developing basic knowledge of plague ecology. Drawing from this experience, we combine new gray-literature sources, historical and recent research, and fieldwork to outline best practices for the control of spillover from zoonoses while minimally disrupting wildlife ecosystems, and we briefly compare the Soviet case with that of endemic plague in the western United States. We argue for the allocation of sufficient resources to maintain ongoing local surveillance, education, and targeted control measures; to incorporate novel technologies selectively; and to use ecological research to inform developing landscape-based models for transmission interruption. We conclude that living with emergent and reemergent zoonotic diseases—switching to control—opens wider possibilities for interrupting spillover while preserving natural ecosystems, encouraging adaptation to local conditions, and usi…

A tl;dr summary of the following 🧵: the recovery of smallpox aDNA from an early modern Chilean site is a VERY IMPORTANT milestone in the history of this global disease--still the only human disease to be completely eradicated. My reservation is whether claims of a European source are supported.

A diagram combining a phylogenetic tree showing the relations of medieval, early modern, and modern smallpox genomes, with a map showing their origins in South America and Europe. Source: Bruno Romero González, Margarita Reyes-Madrid, Bernardo Arriaza, Lara M. Cassidy, Mauricio Moraga, Constanza de la Fuente Castro, and Shigeki Nakagome. “The genomic identity of early smallpox in South America,” Science 393, no. 6810 (30 Jul 2026), 504-508, DOI: 10.1126/science.aee695.

Did you know? In the Victorian era, some of the poorest families purchased a type of meat known as broxy, which came from the flesh of sheep that had died from disease rather than being slaughtered for food. Broxy could often be purchased for far less than ordinary mutton. #Victorian #history

It shows a photograph of a sheep that has succumb to illness.

Did you know? In the Victorian era, Spain became the site of one of the world's first large-scale vaccination campaigns against a bacterial disease. Dr. Jaume Ferran i Clua developed an experimental cholera vaccine and used it to inoculate about 30,000 to 50,000 people. #Victorian #history

It shows a photograph of Dr. Jaume Ferran i Clua in his laboratory.