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Phytopathology®

@phytopathology.bsky.social

The premier international journal for publication of articles on fundamental research that advances understanding of the nature of plant diseases. Published by The American Phytopathological Society.

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Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 12h ago

K. Avila, M. Stahr, and L. M. Quesada-Ocampo identified alternative hosts, infested soil, and infected roots as independent inoculum reservoirs that drive black rot epidemiology and threaten the sustainability of #sweetpotato propagation systems: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-25-0373-R

Fig. 4. Symptoms of black rot at the base of sweetpotato slips following exposure to soil–root inoculum treatments. Treatments are listed as soil condition × root status: A, C × H = clean soil with healthy roots; B, C × I = clean soil with inoculated roots; C, I × H = infested soil with healthy roots; and D, I × I = infested soil with inoculated roots. Red circles highlight A, healthy or B to D, symptomatic tissue at the slip base.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 3d ago

Characterizing epidemic dynamics is essential for developing disease control strategies. Manu Affichard et al. present a data-driven model that introduces a new metric, apparent diffusion, to quantify within-host disease spread along the plant axis: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-25-0300-R

Fig. 1. Conceptual representation of the mechanisms for disease progression, their representation within the model, and the epidemic traits derived from parameter values.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 5d ago

Mamateli Tursunniyaz et al. conducted the first genome-wide identification and characterization of the PDF gene family in alfalfa, identifying 10 members grouped into two subfamilies (PDF1 and PDF2). Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-25-0341-R

Fig. 4. Evolutionary analysis of plant defensin (PDF) genes in angiosperms based on synteny network.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last wk.

Wheat blast is a major threat to wheat production in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Monalisa C. De Cól et al. investigated the genetic structure and spatiotemporal dynamics of #Pyricularia oryzae Triticum in Minas Gerais, Brazil: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-25-0383-R

Fig. 1. Locations of 12 sampled wheat fields across municipalities (dots) in the South-Central and Triângulo Mineiro regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, collected in 2019 by Ascari et al. (2024).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last wk.

Jorge Santiago Vazquez and Nabil Killiny provide evidence that #Diaphorina citri energy metabolism and muscle-associated proteins may play key roles in the recognition, interaction, and subsequent transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0166-R

Fig. 2. Far-Western, also known as protein overlay assay, used in the current study. Predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure model and its associated mesh surface of outer membrane proteins and peptidoglycans from ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, from which we obtained the antigenic domain sequences to produce antibodies. Antigenic sequences are gray-highlighted in the predicted models. Protein chains are colored according to the rainbow color spectrum, from blue (N-terminus) to red (C-terminus).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2w ago

“Evolutionary Relationships and a Tree-Based Alignment Selector Interactive Phylogeny of the Emerging Lineages of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum,” by Amanda Mainello-Land et al. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0248-R #Phytophthora #plantpathology #plantdisease

Fig. 1. Tree-Based Alignment Selector (T-BAS) phylogeny of 12 lineages of Phytophthora ramorum. The maximum likelihood phylogeny (center) was inferred using concatenated sequences of six nuclear loci (avh120, avh121, btub, gweuk.30.30.1, hsp90, and trp1) and 1,000 bootstrap replicates in IQ-TREE. Colors on the inner ring represent the lineages of P. ramorum as defined in source publications. Colors on the middle ring represent the isolate's country of origin. Colors on the outer ring represent the host type. Branches are not drawn to scale. Percent bootstrap support is noted on each node.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2w ago

The mealybug-transmitted cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV) causes symptomatic and asymptomatic infection of cacao trees. Heshani De Silva Weligodage et al. developed a multiplex RPA assay was to increase the reliability of CaMMV detection: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-25-0319-R #plantdisease

Fig. 6. Specificity of CRISPR/Cas12a assay with A, guide RNA 1 (gRNA1) and B, gRNA2 using 1, full-length cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV); 2, partial clone 1 of cacao yellow vein banding virus (CYVBV); 3, partial clone 2 of CYVBV; 4, full-length cacao swollen shoot CD virus (CSSCDV); 5 to 7, full-length cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV); 8, full-length cacao red vein banding virus (CRVBV); 9, full-length cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus (CSSTAV); 10, full-length cacao swollen shoot CE virus (CSSCEV); 11, full-length cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV); 12 and 13, cloned fragment of cacao MP2; 14, cloned fragment of CaMMV MP2; 15, no-template control (NTC). Negative samples for CRISPR/Cas12a reactions are marked with (-).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2w ago

The plant-associated microbiome is a key contributor to plant health. Livleen Kaur et al. discuss the concept and potential applications of #phyllosphere microbiome transplantation to develop disease-suppressive microbiomes. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0116-PER

FIGURE 1 Iterative passaging of a phyllosphere microbiome along with pathogen introduction at each passage may help develop a disease suppressive microbiome. At each passage, the foliar microbiome from the least susceptible host plant is isolated and used for inoculating plants in the next passage. Gray-shaded microbes do not contribute to disease suppression, and colored microbes do contribute to disease suppression.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 3w ago

Editor’s Pick: “Disease Is Optional: The Surprising Abundance of Facultative Fungal Plant Pathogens,” by Elizabeth J. Indermaur and Nathaniel M. Westrick. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-26-0043-RVW #plantpathology #plantdisease

FIGURE 1 A conceptual model of facultative pathogenicity.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 3w ago

“Effects and Mechanisms of Sodium Nitroprusside, Spermidine, and Coumarin Addition In Vitro on Epichloë sinensis,” by Yang Luo and Pei Tian: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-25-0312-R

Fig. 14.
A proposed model of how Epichloë sinensis responds to potential host defense-related signals.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 3w ago

Roy L. Davis, II, Natalie M. Hoidal, and Sydney E. Everhart provide the most extensive regional analysis of #Alternaria brassicicola population structure to date, revealing pronounced genetic differentiation among isolates and high within-field diversity: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0228-R

Fig. 1.
Symptoms of Alternaria brassicicola manifest as brown-to-black circular lesions on the foliage and heads of broccoli. Single spore isolates used in this study were collected from lesions cut directly from diseased plants in the field (Photo credit: Roy L. Davis II).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 4w ago

Potato early dying (PED) is a significant concern for potato growers in many parts of the world. A. U. Rahman et al. investigated the causal agents of PED in Alberta, Canada: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0251-R #Verticillium #Colletotrichum #Fusarium

Fig. 2.
Examples of potato early dying symptoms observed during surveys: A, chlorosis of basal leaves; B, necrosis mostly on one side of leaves; C, internal stem brown discoloration; and D, flagging.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 4w ago

Fusarium crown rot has become increasingly prevalent in China's Huanghuai region, with #Fusarium pseudograminearum emerging as the predominant causal pathogen. Li Yan et al. developed a TaqMan qPCR assay to specifically detect F. pseudograminearum: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-25-0396-R

Fig. 1.
Specificity validation of the Fusarium pseudograminearum detection assay.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

Review: “Colletotrichum magnum Species Complex: Emerging Pathogens in Tropical and Subtropical Regions,” by Su-Yan Wang et al. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-25-0278-RVW #anthracnose #Colletotrichum

FIGURE 2
Symptoms caused by Colletotrichum magnum species complex species in host plants. A, Leaves of mango papaya (Spondias mombin) with anthracnose symptoms (Carvalho et al. 2019; Reproduced with permission. © 2019 Wiley).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

Sweet cherry is a commercially vital fruit crop in China. Li Xu et al. investigated the mechanism of dappled fruit formation in hop stunt viroid-infected sweet cherry using integrated #metabolomics and #transcriptomics: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0249-R

Fig. 1.
A, Uniform coloration in a normal fully ripened sweet cherry cultivar Hongdeng fruit relative to fruits affected by hop stunt viroid at the B, ripening and C, color change stages.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

Papaya ringspot virus W-type (PRSV W) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) severely damage cucurbits worldwide. Thi-Ngoc-Bich Tran et al. found that recombinant WAC-CP has potential for the concurrent control of PRSV W and CMV in cucurbits: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0245-R

Fig. 4.
Cross-protection effectiveness of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) mild strain WAC carrying different coat protein (CP) fragments of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in horn melon plants against the challenge of the severe strains PRSV W-CI and CMV, alone or together. WAC, the mild strain WAC of PRSV W-type. The mild WAC recombinants carrying different CP fragments of the entire reading frame (WAC-CP), N-terminal half (WAC-CPn), or C-terminal half (WAC-CPc) of CMV CP were mechanically introduced to horn melon plants at the two-true-leaf stage. All plants were challenged with PRSV W-CI or CMV severe virus, alone or together, 15 days after the protective inoculation.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

Aniol Buisac et al. studied the aggressiveness of 17 #Xylella fastidiosa strains, representing different subspecies and sequence types, in #Nicotiana benthamiana: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-25-0366-R

Fig. 1.
Severity scale used to assess disease development in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with Xylella fastidiosa: 0, no symptoms; 1, 1 to 5 leaves just beginning to show decay; 2, 5 to 10 leaves showing significant decay; 3, one half or more of leaves showing decay and few showing necrosis; 4, all leaves showing decay and one-half or more showing necrosis; and 5, dead plant.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

#Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was first detected in Madagascar in 2019. Ravonantenaina Rabekijana et al. traced the Malagasy strains to a recent and single introduction from Asia and identified effective resistance genes for deployment: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-25-0336-SC

Fig. 1.
Distribution per site and per year of a collection of 73 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from Madagascar. White circles indicate the main cities around which symptomatic rice leaves have been collected.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

Novel findings from John W. Mahas et al. identify factors associated with regions at high risk for cotton leafroll dwarf virus. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-25-0349-R #CLRDV

Fig. 1.
A directed acyclic graph (DAG) for investigating cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) incidence in cotton. Each node represents a variable, and directional arrows point from cause to effect (e.g., cotton may have an effect on CLRDV incidence both directly [via the directed arrow between them] and indirectly [via the directed arrow from cotton to Aphis gossypii abundance and the directed arrow from A. gossypii abundance to CLRDV incidence]). Double-headed arrows represent a correlation between variables that were not of specific interest but were included to account for any confounding effects they may have in the models.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · last mo.

“Population Structure of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri in Iran: 1991 to 2022,” by Zohreh Ebrahimi et al. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-25-0289-R #Xanthomonas

Fig. 1.
TCS network constructed with the 815 global Xanthomonas citri pv. citri strains. The node sizes represent the number of strains in each node, with the color of each node indicating the country of isolation.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Junna Han et al. characterized the biological role of the AlkB domain embedded in open reading frame 1 of citrus leaf blotch virus. This study provides the first functional characterization of a viral AlkB domain: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-25-0275-R

Fig. 4.
Effect of vcAlkB mutation on cell-to-cell movement of citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV) in Nicotiana benthamiana. A, Under 10× objective; B, under 40× objective.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Existing diagnostic tools were found to either lack specificity or fail to detect all species in the wheat leaf spot complex. M. Hafez et al. developed a detection tool targeting the single-copy, conserved β-tubulin 1 gene across all species: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0156-R

Fig. 1.
The leaf spot complex of wheat includes a range of diseases: tan spot, Septoria tritici blotch, spot blotch, and Septoria nodorum blotch. Anamorph and teleomorph for disease-causing pathogens are indicated in blue and red text, respectively. Additional information regarding the infective spore stage(s) and the overwintering strategy is given for each pathogen. Parastagonospora nodorum primarily infects lower leaves, causing Septoria nodorum blotch, with secondary infections arising when water-splashed asexual pycnidiospores spread to upper leaves and glumes, leading to Septoria glume blotch. Parastagonospora pseudonodorum mainly infect grain, causing septoria glume blotch, and recently was found to be associated with leaves. The question mark (?) indicates that P. pseudonodorum’s role as a leaf spot pathogen of wheat is still under investigation.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

#Xylella fastidiosa has been detected in Europe and other countries of the Mediterranean basin since 2013. Amandine Cunty et al. traced the origin of X. fastidiosa subspecies pauca ST53 strains in France: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0124-R

Fig. 3.
Transmission tree obtained with seqtrack algorithms implemented in the R package “adegenet” v.2.1.10 (Jombart et al. 2011). Each ID number corresponds to a strain or to a genomic sequence (GS, *) listed in the table on the right. The thickness of each arrow represents the probability of transmission direction; the larger the arrow, the higher the probability. The color of the circles corresponds to the origin of the strain or GS: brown for Costa Rica, green for Italy, and blue for France. In the table, ancestor corresponds to the strain that was the ancestor.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Editor’s Pick: Li Zhang et al. designed the Trichoderma Gene Prediction Web server (TGP-WEB) for accurate gene prediction in genomes of #Trichoderma species, biological control agents, and plant-beneficial microorganisms. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-25-0399-R

Fig. 4.
Performance assessment of the Trichoderma Gene Prediction (TGP) pipeline for gene prediction in Trichoderma genomes.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Biyun Yang et al. systematically investigated the anatomical characteristics and infrared spectral properties of different microstructures in the midribs of healthy and #Huanglongbing-infected citrus leaves: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-25-0334-R

Fig. 1.
A, Representative Huanglongbing (HLB)-infected and healthy leaves of Navel orange and Ponkan and the B, polymerase chain reaction results.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Mingxia Zhou et al. uncovered a sophisticated and precise effector-target module in #Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae pathogenesis, revealing how redundant virulence functions are directed at a key regulator of host immunity, DRT100. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-25-0379-R

Fig. 4.
Overexpression of AcDRT100 enhances plant disease resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strain M228 (PsaM228).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Findings from Liubov Govta et al. provide the first detailed temporal map of tandem kinase protein-mediated defense in wheat and underscore the robustness of WTK1 across pathogen pressures. Learn more: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-25-0315-R

Fig. 1.
Evaluation of stripe rust severity in susceptible (Kronos S, Avocet S) and resistant (Kronos R [Tyr15-K7], Avocet R) wheat leaves following inoculation with four Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) concentrations.

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

“Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms Associated with Pathogenesis of Fusarium annulatum and F. commune in Nursery-Grown Conifer Seedlings,” by John T. Dobbs et al. Read now—open access in #Phytopathology: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0229-R #Fusarium

Fig. 8.
Venn diagram of shared and unique orthologous protein clusters of largest open reading frames of upregulated in planta (UIP) transcripts of Fusarium annulatum (top) and F. commune (bottom) inoculated on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plants compared with the mycelium of each isolate grown in potato dextrose broth. Isolates were collected at 12, 24, and 48 h postinoculation (hpi).

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Deadline approaching: Submit to the forthcoming Phytopathology focus issue, “Seedborne Pathogens: Risks, Research, and Resilience,” by June 15, 2026! Learn more: https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/seedbornepathogens

Call for Papers! Seedborne Pathogens: Risks, Research, and Resilience

Phytopathology®@phytopathology.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Ross J. Hatlen, J. Alejandro Rojas, and Timothy D. Miles present the first population genetics analysis of #Diaporthe humulicola, a recently described pathogen causing halo blight of hop: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-25-0260-R

Fig. 1.
A, Delta K plot of the STRUCTURE Bayesian clustering analyses for K values of 2 to 10 from 20 STRUCTURE runs using the linkage disequilibrium (LD) pruned data set. B, Principal component analysis (PCA) of genetic differentiation among samples, using the LD pruned data set used for the Bayesian cluster analysis. The percentage of variance explained by the first two principal components is shown in parentheses. Samples are colored according to their sampling location. C, Bar plots of ancestry membership proportions (y axis) as inferred by STRUCTURE for K = 3. Samples from each sampling location are grouped together, and location names are at the top. Mi, Michigan; Mn, Minnesota; Cd, Canada; Ny, New York.