18/ Conclusions 4: Policy measures are needed to drive this transition, with solar PV, wind, batteries, and electrolysers as key technologies for the #Caribbean’s carbon neutrality by 2050 or earlier. Additional graphical results can be found in the Supplementary Material

17/ Conclusions 3: The #Caribbean can reduce reliance on fossil fuels by adopting low-cost solar energy, creating a Solar-to-X Economy ideal for tropical islands globally.

16/ Conclusions 2: Batteries support PV-battery hybrids & grid interconnection enhances flexibility, reduces costs & supports wind with limited PV. Sector coupling & PtX improve efficiency. Electric road transport with V2G adds flexibility & grid-connected renew paths are 1-10% cheaper.

15/ Conclusions 1: PV-battery hybrid solutions emerge as the most economical option for the #Caribbean, and the possibility of this hybrid configuration dominating the future energy system is also echoed in recent literature.

14/ The #PtXeconomy will emerge an important framework across the #Caribbean energy sectors, via direct and indirect electrification approaches. twitter.com/ChristianOnR...

13/ #Cuba generates 25% of the #Caribbean’s 863 TWh electricity, followed by #Haiti and the Dominican Republic at 17% each. The regional average price is 30 €/MWh, with four nodes below this. By 2050, e-hydrogen and e-FTL fuels will comprise 46% and 30% of the fuel supply, respectively.

12/ Early defossilisation, illustrated in the BPSs, leads to early phase-out of fossil fuels, prioritises RE technologies and achieves 5-10% lower cumulative energy system CO2 emissions.

11/ Renewables-dominated paths have 7-24% lower cumulative costs as alternatives, with grid integration cutting costs by 1-10%. Accelerated transition paths cost 3-12% more as full defossilisation by 2050. Importing e-fuels lowers system costs by 7-16% & supports local resource use.

10/ e-Fuels will be essential for defossilising the hard-to-abate demands. By 2050, sustainable fuels will contribute to replacing all fossil fuels.

9/ Three electricity trade patterns are observed: With 1% onshore PV, CU and DO lead exports (90 TWh, 45 TWh), and HT is the top importer (80 TWh). Higher wind shares shift exports to CU (85 TWh), TCBB (70 TWh), PRV (35 TWh), and HT imports 110 TWh. The third pattern is with 6% onshore PV.

8/ Grid utilisation correlates with dominant technology profiles, such as solar PV or wind power. Scenarios with 30% wind show higher grid utilisation, indicating a wind-grid correlation, while those with 12% wind power have lower utilisation, showing a PV-storage correlation.

7/ The energy system includes electricity, heat, and gas storage. Batteries for prosumer and utility-scale use, along with V2G, are essential for daily solar PV storage.

5/ Background: Electricity is the main energy carrier in the #Caribbean, with sector electrification growing 3-8x faster in generation and 4-20x more installed capacity by 2050 compared to 2020.

4/ Background: This study makes a pivotal contribution as the first to analyse the #Caribbean with this level of granularity, employing a 9-node aggregation approach to represent grid interconnections.

2/ Novelties of the research: This study offers novel insights into the energy transition of archipelagic nations, enriching the global discourse on grid interconnection, early decarbonisation, and the strategic importance of e-fuel imports for land-constrained regions.

1/ New research @UniLUT doi.org/10.1049/rpg2... This study presents the first-of-its-kind comprehensive analysis of 17 illustrative pathways, exploring e-fuel imports, grid interconnections, and accelerated energy transitions for #Caribbean carbon neutrality by 2050.

US Supreme Court declines to hear challenge to California's right to set own vehicle emis standards for CO2 www.cnn.com/2024/12/16/p... CA's waiver to control CO2 granted by EPA based on my 2009 EPA testimony that CO2 affects local health in already-polluted cities web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/j...

Supreme Court declines to hear challenge to California’s strict vehicle emissions rules | CNN Politics

The Supreme Court declined Monday to take up an appeal from conservative states challenging California’s ability to establish strict vehicle emission rules that effectively set the standard for the re...

cnn.com

Amazing! 2nd-largest US island (Kodiak Is, Alaska), w/ population of 15,000 & peak load of 28 MW, now runs year-round on virtually 100% Wind-Water-Solar electricity+storage: 33 MW hydro (supplying 80-85% of load) 9 MW wind (15-20% of load) 2 MW flywheels 3 MW batteries www.uaf.edu/acep-blog/po...

Powering up the nation's second largest island with 100% renewable energy

Kodiak Island is located 250 miles south of Anchorage and is the second-largest island in the United States. It is the first remote community in Alaska to be powered by almost 100% renewable energy ye...

uaf.edu

More big construction equipment going battery-electric Electric wheel loader and excavators push big construction job toward all-electric. electrek.co/2024/12/14/f...

Fossil-free jobsite reaches 50% electric operation with new Volvo wheel loader

Last week, the site reached a 50% all-electric threshold with the addition of a new, L120H Electric Conversion wheel loader from Volvo.

electrek.co

Gov. @gavinnewsom.bsky.social, no more delays in shutting Aliso Canyon down My op-ed today in the LA Times www.latimes.com/opinion/stor... @foodandwater.bsky.social @stanfordwoods.bsky.social @ssteingraber1.bsky.social @profbobhowarth.bsky.social @swaziadam.bsky.social @txsharon.bsky.social

Opinion: Gov. Newsom, no more delays in shutting Aliso Canyon down

The California Public Utilities Commission proposed to keep the natural gas field open without a closure deadline. That would run afoul of our energy needs and health.

latimes.com

Aliso Canyon is the site of one of the largest gas blowouts in US history. 97,000 tonnes methane; 7,300 tonnes ethane over 112 days, forming carcinogens+air pollutants. 8,000 families relocated. Paper on blowout web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/j... 100 scientists support the shutdown lnkd.in/gNb9EAY7

Mark Z. Jacobson@mzjacobson.bsky.social · 2y ago

Gov. @gavinnewsom.bsky.social, no more delays in shutting Aliso Canyon down My op-ed today in the LA Times www.latimes.com/opinion/stor... @foodandwater.bsky.social @stanfordwoods.bsky.social @ssteingraber1.bsky.social @profbobhowarth.bsky.social @swaziadam.bsky.social @txsharon.bsky.social

Huge 6-1 Montana Supreme Court win! "Plaintiffs definitively showed at trial..that climate change is causing serious+ irreversible harms to environment in Montana-assuring future Montanans a 'harmful' rather than 'healthful' envir. as guaranteed by Constitution" www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024...

Montana Supreme Court upholds victory on 6-1 vote in first climate case on constitutional grounds! "The District Court’s conclusion of law is affirmed: Montana’s right to a clean and healthful environment and environmental life support system includes a stable climate system,..."

Mark Z. Jacobson@mzjacobson.bsky.social · 2y ago

Huge 6-1 Montana Supreme Court win! "Plaintiffs definitively showed at trial..that climate change is causing serious+ irreversible harms to environment in Montana-assuring future Montanans a 'harmful' rather than 'healthful' envir. as guaranteed by Constitution" www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024...

Here's the Montana Supreme Court opinion dailymontanan.com/wp-content/u...

Mark Z. Jacobson@mzjacobson.bsky.social · 2y ago

Montana Supreme Court upholds victory on 6-1 vote in first climate case on constitutional grounds! "The District Court’s conclusion of law is affirmed: Montana’s right to a clean and healthful environment and environmental life support system includes a stable climate system,..."

Biden Administration Approves 11th U.S. Offshore Wind Project SouthCoast Wind will generate 2.4 GW of offshore wind for Massachusetts and Rhode Island www.maritime-executive.com/article/bide...

Biden Administration Approves Eleventh U.S. Offshore Wind Project

Racing to put the offshore wind industry on a sound footing before the close of the Biden administration, the Department of the Interior today approv...

maritime-executive.com

Science pays off: Two Supreme Court wins in three days in climate cases I testified in Dec. 16 US Supreme Court declines to hear challenges to California's right to control auto CO2 x.com/mzjacobson/s... Dec. 18 Montana Supreme Court affirms kids' right to stable climate x.com/mzjacobson/s...

1/ New research @UniLUT doi.org/10.1016/j.rs... on the #Caribbean energy transition. It presents the first comprehensive multi-sector, multi-node, multi-scenario analysis, focusing on the role of offshore floating solar PV in achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.

2/ Novelty: Insights into the transition for land-limited archipelagos, providing the first detailed analysis of #Caribbean islands' energy systems using a 9-node method to represent isolated grids. It explores carbon-intensive & carbon-neutral pathways to advance the transition.

3/ This research adds to the comprehensive literature on #100RE studies on islands doi.org/10.1002/wene... within the wider field of overall #100RE systems research ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/983...

4/ Background: Evolution of the islands’ primary energy across scenarios by energy carrier reveals a shift to high electrification with renewables across end uses, transforming the region’s energy metabolism from fossil fuels.