Incidentally, the battles of Ain Jalut and Monteaperti took place on almost the same day (September 3 and 4, 1260). However, it is rare to find someone who is interested in both.
1. Sharaf al-Din Yazdi places too many events between the spring of 1376 and the spring of 1377. So, according to him, Amir Timur was forced to curtail the campaign against Khwarazm due to the uprising of the Jalayir amirs in the rear.
Sofia Chronicle on the friendly visit of Toqtamïsh Khan to Moscow in 1382: "но все бяше видети пусто ни единого же видети людеи ходяща по пожару = But everything was deserted, and no one was visible from the people who walked on the ashes"
1. Archbishop John of Sultaniyya on how Edigü deceived Amir Timur: ‘Item, deux ans à ou environ que Themirbey envoia devers un empereur Edigny, qui est de Tartarie, ses ambasseurs. Et est cest empereur seigneur des Tartres blans et a nom sa maistresse ville Sorcate,
1. Interestingly, the manuscript’s description on the BNF website claims it contains a Latin translation of Archbishop John of Sultaniyya’s ‘Mémoire’. archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/c...
1. Hautala, Roman. Jan Długosz on the Mongol Invasion of Poland and Hungary in 1241 // Qazaq Historical Review. Almaty: Institute for Humanities Studies ABDI, 2025. Volume 3. Issue 4. P. 518–557. (In Russian, Latin) www.academia.edu/169062243
1. A miniature at the beginning of Archbishop John of Sultaniyya’s ‘Mémoire’ depicting Amir Timur in a cart besieging a hostile city. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 12201, fol. 84r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b...
1. Two similar cases. The first occurred in the Chaghadaid ulus in 1262 after Alghu Khan defected to qaghan Qubilai and ordered his cousin Negübei to deal with those townspeople of Bukhara who were subordinate to the Golden Horde ruler Berke. According to the pompous expression of Vassaf,
1. Interestingly, the insulting nickname ‘Jata’, meaning ‘robbers’, which the Chagatays applied to the Moghuls (nomads of the eastern half of the disintegrated Chaghadaid Khanate) in the second half of the fourteenth century,
1. Two similar cases of feigning a fatal illness to lull a rival into complacency. The first appears to have actually occurred in the Golden Horde, while the second was fictitious, although its oral description apparently circulated within Amir Timur’s domain.
1. Spanish and French evidence suggests that the nickname ‘Tamerlane’ was considered offensive even during Amir Timur’s lifetime. Clavijo: ‘el Tamurbec es su nombre proprio este e non Tamorlan, como lo nos llamamos, ca Tamurbec quiere dezir en su lengua, tanto como señor de fierro,
Nicholas Falcon presents Pope Clement V with Hayton’s treatise, which he wrote down from Hayton’s own words in Poitiers in 1307. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 55v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b...
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 38v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 57v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 38r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 57r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 37v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 56v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 37r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 56r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 35v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 55r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 35v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 54v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. I was wrong last time. These miniatures illustrate the ill-fated flight of the Mongols after their defeat at the Battle of Marj al-Ṣuffar, not the battle itself.
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 35v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 53v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 35r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 52r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 34v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 50v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 33v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 50r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 33r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 49v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 32v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 49r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 32r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 48v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 31v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 47v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 31r. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 47r. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAF 886, fol. 30v. gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/b... Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 2623, fol. 46v. viewer.onb.ac.at/131B2DE4
