A Systematic Review of Three-Dimensional Printing in Medical Education: Educational Impact and Methodological Quality - Amir Mohammad Salehi, Shayan Bahadivand Chegini, Fatemeh Esmaeili, Ensiyeh Jenab...

Background Access to human tissue for medical education is becoming increasingly limited due to ethical, legal, and financial challenges. In this context, three...

journals.sagepub.com

بازتاب مبانی فقهی و حقوقی شروط غیر منصفانه در قراردادهای آثار ادبی و هنری

تعیین ثمن و دستمزد در قراردادهای واگذاری آثار ادبی و هنری به‌دلیل ماهیت معنوی، کیفی و غیرمادی این آثار همواره با ابهام و دشواری‌های فراوانی همراه است؛ به همین دلیل، در فضای عملی این نوع قراردادها، پدیدآورندگان بیش از سایر حوزه‌های معاملاتی با شروط یک‌طرفه و غیرمنصفانه از سوی طرف مسلط اقتصادی مواجه می‌شوند. این پدیده نامتعارف به‌دلیل نبودِ مقررات خاص و حمایتی در نظام حقوقی ایران، موازنه اقتصادی قراردادها را به شدت برهم می‌زند و در درازمدت موجب سرخوردگی و کاهش انگیزه‌های خلاقانه مؤلفان و هنرمندان می‌گردد. این پژوهش با اتکا به روش توصیفی‌تحلیلی و با هدف ارائه چارچوبی منسجم جهت سنجش این شروط، به بررسی ابزارهای حمایتی در فقه و حقوق موضوعه برای مقابله با غیرمنصفانگی قراردادی می‌پردازد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در فقه امامیه ظرفیت‌های پویایی مانند قاعده لاضرر، اصول موازنه قراردادی، لزوم رعایت عدالت معاوضی و نفی استثمار برای صیانت از حقوق طرف ضعیف عقد وجود دارد؛ در کنار آن، پژوهش حاضر جهت غنای مباحث تطبیقی، نگاهی گذرا نیز به رویکردهای حمایتی فقه عامه در سرکوب شروط جائرانه داشته است. در حقوق موضوعه ایران نیز هرچند قانون خاصی در این زمینه تصویب نشده، اما مقابله با غیرمنصفانگی قراردادی از طریق بازخوانی قواعد عمومی قراردادها و مبانی موجود از جمله نظم عمومی اقتصادی، قاعده لاضرر، نظریه سوءاستفاده از وضعیت اضطرار و به‌ویژه مقررات و ضوابط ضدانحصار امکان‌پذیر است که این مبانی حقوقی می‌توانند مستندِ اعلام بی‌اثری این شروط و بازگرداندن توازن اقتصادی به قراردادهای نشر باشند.

jpl.motahari.ac.ir

Interpreting the Intent of Contracting Parties in Cases of Ambiguity or Uncertainty Concerning the Selected Version or Term of Incoterms: A Critical Review of Selected Iranian Judgments and Arbitral A...

IntroductionIn the fast-paced world of international trade, the need for a clear and precise interpretation of the parties’ intentions in contracts incorporating Incoterms rules is increasingly pressi...

jlq.ut.ac.ir

شروط ضدرقابتی در قراردادهای حمل‌ونقل؛ با نگاهی به رویه قضایی

قراردادهای حمل‌ونقل به‌‌واسطه نقض غیرقابل‌‌انکاری که در اقتصاد دارند، جزء قراردادهای شایع در عرصه تجارت داخلی و بین‌المللی محسوب می‌‌شوند. این قراردادها مانند بسیاری از قراردادهای امروزی، گاه به‌‌واسط...

jlr.sdil.ac.ir

Using Modern Technologies to Facilitate International Trade, Prevent Smuggling, and Detect Smuggling at the Same Time: a Comparative Analysis of China

In every system, many organs and institutions are involved in the process of reaching an economic commercial utopia. This process can be described as a chain whichconsists of many loops that are mutua...

mtlj.usc.ac.ir

jplr.atu.ac.ir

Non- Confirmation of Sayyadi Checks by the Holder in the System and the Issuer's Difficulty in Obtaining a New Check Book: A Legal Critique of Proposed Solutions

The introduction of a centralized check registration and tracking system in Iranian law, following amendments to the Check Act, has given rise to numerous legal questions and novel forms of litigation...

pajooheshnameh.itsr.ir

Establishing the Contents of Applicable Law in International Arbitration: A Comparative Study of Iranian Law, Common Law, Civil Law and Transnational Law

In many cases, different laws may govern various aspects of a dispute raised in international arbitration, and this raises the need for the parties to the dispute and the arbitrators to adopt a reason...

jcl.illrc.ac.ir

Assessing the visibility and public engagement of bone marrow and stem cell transplantation research: An altmetric analysis

Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation have led to significant advancements in modern medicine, offering potential cures for various hematological disorders and specific cancers. This study aims to...

cell.com

A Comparative Study of the Civil Liability of Domain Name Registrars for the Infringement of Third Parties' Intellectual Property Rights

The liability of domain name registrars for infringements of third-party intellectual property rights has not been adequately addressed in the legal frameworks of Iran and the United States, nor in th...

barresybazargani.itsr.ir

Efficient Criteria for Identifying Dominant Position in Digital Platforms: A Comparative Study in the European Union

Digital platforms, as key players in the modern economy, possess unique structural features such as network effects, the ability to provide services free of charge, and the capacity to aggregate and p...

lawecon.um.ac.ir

The Comparative Study of FRAND Contract: Nature and Rationale

The exclusive patent rights of Standard Essential Patent (SEP) holders have been shown to create obstacles for standard implementers in accessing patented new technologies set as a standard. FRAND con...

jlq.ut.ac.ir

The Effect of Attitude and Economic Foundations on Criminal Policy Making in the Field of Intellectual Property

Today, the traces of intellectual property rights can be seen in all fields. On the other hand, the economy has long been necessary for the progress and continuity of a country. Intellectual property ...

jlr.sdil.ac.ir

Legal Challenges of Decentralized Financing (DeFi)

Decentralized finance (DeFi), founded on blockchain technologies and smart contracts, is rapidly becoming a powerful alternative to traditional financial systems. Compared to centralized finance, DeFi...

mtlj.usc.ac.ir

What Insights Can We Gain from the Scientometric Analysis of Scientific Publications Related to Multiple Sclerosis?

Bibliometrics is one of the credible methods of evaluating scientific publications and research output. This is the first study in the multiple sclerosis (M...

brieflands.com

Analysis of the Status of Blank Signature Contracts in Iranian Bank Law: A Look at Judicial Rulings

A prevalent issue in Iranian law is the prevalence of blank-signature contracts. Banks sometimes provide customers with blank-signature contracts, and due to the silence of the law, their legal status...

jolt.ut.ac.ir

A Critique on the Unification of Bank Contracts by the Central Bank: ‎Theoretical Foundations and Practical Dimensions with a Comparative ‎Perspective ‎

Unification of Central Bank Contracts in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been prescribed by the Act of Continuous Improvement of the Business Environment in March 2012 of the Islamic Parliament. Acco...

jcl.ut.ac.ir

A critical research on the innovations and inadequacies of the industrial property protection law approved in 2024 from the point of view of trade secrets.

Although the importance of protecting trade secrets among Iranian business persons has a long history, there were no specific coherent regulations for the protection of trade secrets in our legal syst...

jpl.illrc.ac.ir

The effect of the death of the bank guarantee beneficiary on the demand for the guarantee amount (A review of the verdict number 98099702701252 issued by Branch 2 of Shiraz General Court of Law)

There is still no consensus among experts about the nature of bank guarantee. Also, experts have not paid much attention to the effect of the beneficiary's death on the survival of the bank guarantee....

jlr.sdil.ac.ir

Analysis of the Legal Relationship and Behavior of Actors in the Legal System of Initial Land Registration Based on Game Theory and Posner Criteria in Economic Efficiency

In the initial Land Registration System, where the Land is registered for the first time, there is a ground for making strategic decisions in the social contract between the “Government” and the “Owne...

hoquq.iict.ac.ir

Application of Blockchain in Protecting Intellectual Property Rights and its Practical Dimensions

Protecting intellectual property rights has always been of concern to creators and inventors. Despite domestic laws and certain international conventions, some aspects of intellectual property rights ...

jolt.ut.ac.ir

Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench (GHFBB) from a bibliometric perspective (2011-2021) - PubMed

Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench (GHFBB) from a bibliometric perspective (2011-2021)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A Contractual Risk of Invalidity of Intellectual Property Certificates in the Field of Industrial Property

This article investigates the contractual risks associated with intellectual property certificate invalidation in industrial property. To enjoy legal protection, intellectual property, including inven...

jlq.ut.ac.ir

jcep.ut.ac.ir

Legal Description and Scope of Temporary Administration of Banks or Credit Institutions

Banks and other credit institutions can face crises during their operations. The institution of temporary administration or conservatorship is one of the methods of restructuring banks and other credi...

jlr.sdil.ac.ir

کووید-19: اصول مدیریت تغییر در اصلاح برنامه درسی پزشکی

چکیده:پیشرفت فناوری و اکتشافات جدید، ارتقاء خدمات بهداشتی درمانی و به تبع آن بهبود کیفیت خدمات مراقبت از بیمار را به همراه دارد. در این میان برنامه‌های آموزشی و روش‌های تدریس در تحقق اهداف نقش به‌سزایی دارند و ضروری است که همگام با پیشرفت تکنولوژی و مواقع بحرانی که جامعه را به اغما خواهد برد؛ نظیر بیماری‌های واگیر چون کووید-19، تغییر و به‌روز‎‌رسانی‌های لازم در آن‌ها ایجاد شود؛ تا بتوان پاسخگوی نیازهای روز بشر بود و سیستم سلامت و مراقبت کارآمدی خود را حفظ کند. اعمال تغییر در برنامه‌های آموزشی با هدف همگام‌شدن در راستای فناوری‌ها و نوآوری‌های موجود، حتی برای بهترین اساتید دانشگاه‌های علوم پزشکی نیز یک چالش محسوب می‌شود. «تغییر» پروتکلی از «بهترین اصول» را دارد که توسط «مدیران تغییر» تدوین شده‌اند و در زمان تدوین برنامه‌های آموزش پزشکی باید اعمال شوند. علیرغم این‌که برنامه‌های آموزشی مختلف خروجی‌ها و اهداف یادگیری مختلف و مختص به خود را دارند؛ اما اصول پایه نظریه مدیریت تغییر برای کلیه جنبه‌های تغییر در برنامه‌های آموزشی اعمال می‌شود و شامل 6 گام است: محرک تغییر و تنظیم اهداف، برقراری ارتباط با ذینفعان، برنامه‌ریزی، نظارت و ارزیابی.

hmed.mums.ac.ir

The Challenge of Enforcing Decisions Arising from Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Methods and its Legal Management

Given the existence of certain deficiencies in resolving disputes through judicial courts and arbitration, parties sometimes decide to utilize non-judicial methods such as negotiation, mediation, conc...

jlr.sdil.ac.ir

The nature of cinematic works from the perspective of literary and artistic property rights Looking at the laws of France, England, America and India

A cinematic work is a type of work of art that in most national systems is subject to special rules compatible with the nature, type of this work and its thriving industry. In national law, despite th...

clr.modares.ac.ir

Analyzing the Behavior of Actors in the ‎Secondary Registration Legal System (Registered ‎Real Estate Transactions) Based on Bargaining ‎Strategy in Game Theory Emphasizing on Article ‎‎62 of the Law ...

Abstract The existence of a coherent registration system is the premise of ensuring the security of real estate transactions and maintaining the stability and order in their legal status. Whether a se...

jlq.ut.ac.ir