Sang-Ki Lee
@sklee621.bsky.social
Physical oceanographer at NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami FL. The contents of my posts are mine personally.
This satellite altimetry plot compares sea surface height anomalies on July 30–31 between the 2023 and 2026 El Niño events. With a peak Niño-3.4 index of +2.0 °C, the 2023–24 El Niño was the fifth-strongest event since 1950. But it is nothing compared to what is developing now. 🌊🧪
What if the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) were to stop? Shutting off this critical ocean valve between the Pacific and the Indian Ocean could trigger a permanent El Niño state and reshape global weather patterns. Here’s what models show 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/07/31/w...
What Happens to the Planet if the Indonesian Throughflow Stops?
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on several studies, including “The Role of Indonesian Throughflow in a Global Ocean GCM.” by Hirst and Godfr…
ocean2climate.org
Contrary to model projections, the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) strengthened and accelerated Indian Ocean warming. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/07/30/s...
Strengthening of the Indonesian Throughflow Accelerated Indian Ocean Warming Contrary to Climate Model Projections
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Increased heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow linked to the spin-up of Southern-Hemisphere circulation gyre…
ocean2climate.org
Meanwhile, in the Indian Ocean, a Java–Sumatra Niña is about to form. It typically peaks in July–September, often occurring during the developing phase of El Niño, and serves as a precursor to a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (+IOD) event in September–November. 🌊🧪
Weather noise tends to disrupt warm-water volume discharge after the El Niño peak, increasing the likelihood that positive recharge persists into the following year. This highlights the importance of resolving weather in seasonal forecast models: 🌊🧪 agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/...
Atmospheric Noise Forcing Increases Multiyear El Niño Events
Interactive-ensemble CCSM4 experiments indicate that atmospheric noise increases the frequency of multiyear El Niño events A Stochastic Recharge Oscillator identifies the amplitude of thermocline...
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service is recruiting 4 Fish Biologists across multiple regional offices. 🌊 Grade/Salary: ZP-3 & -4 ($74,678–$197,200) Eligibility: US Citizens www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/car... www.usajobs.gov/job/877528500 ⚠️ Note: Application closes once 400 applicants submit.
NOAA Fisheries Job Descriptions
Detailed information on current jobs available.
fisheries.noaa.gov
A new study (Sheng wet al., 2026) argues that the North Atlantic warming hole has pushed the Atlantic summer jet stream southward. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/07/23/t...
The warming hole has pushed the Atlantic summer jet stream southward
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Recent equatorward shift of the summer North Atlantic jet dominated by internal climate variability” by Sheng et al.…
ocean2climate.org
Both the El Niño cycle & local Atlantic sea surface temperature patterns can drive up the total number of landfalling storms. However, only El Niño controls the percentage of storms that actually hit land because El Niño actively shifts the winds that steer these storms. 🌊🧪 doi.org/10.1029/2026...
Atmospheric and Oceanic Influences on Seasonal Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Landfall Probability
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the percentage of tropical cyclones (TCs) that make landfall over the Americas and Caribbean The number of named storms, landfalling named storms, a...
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
This study explains why Arctic sea ice retreat is directly tied to a paradoxically increasing Arctic Meridional Overturning Circulation (ArcMOC). 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/07/03/t...
The Rise and Fall of the Arctic Meridional Overturning Circulation (ArcMOC)
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat” by Bretones et …
ocean2climate.org
A new study shows that the US East Coast sea level could increase by 20–30 cm above the global mean sea level rise, while the coastal upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich deep water could significantly decrease—both driven by a slowdown of the AMOC. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/06/26/t...
The East Coast’s Double Threat: Why Slower Atlantic Currents Mean Rising Seas and Less Marine Life
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Dynamically downscaled future projections of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean across low to high emissions scenarios” by…
ocean2climate.org
It is too early to tell. But, it appears that Atlantic Nina is about to form. It is not unusual to have a cold event forming during the developing phase of strong El Nino event. Atlantic Nina tends to suppress Cabo Verde Hurricanes, which often become a major hurricane to hit Caribbean islands.🌊🧪
A 30-year study of 147,000 adults found that 1.5 hours of weekly resistance training significantly reduces all-cause, cardiovascular, and neurological mortality, especially when combined with aerobic exercise: bjsm.bmj.com/content/60/1...
USA Today article about the Atlantic "cold blob" (warming hole): 🌊🧪 www.usatoday.com/story/graphi...
Mysterious 'cold blob' discovered in Atlantic. Does it mean trouble?
A mysterious Atlantic 'cold blob' or 'warming hole' signals weakening currents, prompting warnings of collapse from scientists. These maps show where.
usatoday.com
This is an exceptionally strong and well-defined "warming hole" signal. 🌊
Bridging AMOC tracking gaps between RAPID and OSNAP observational programs: 🌊 ocean2climate.org/2026/05/09/s...
Smart-Tech Race to Measure the AMOC with Microscopic Precision
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Strengthening connections in observing the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Outcomes from a joint …
ocean2climate.org
The Cooperative Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Studies of the University of Miami invites applications for a postdoc who will investigate the impact of ocean observations on tropical cyclone & hurricane prediction, using the Marine-JEDI and MOM6 model: 🌊🧪 careers.miami.edu/us/en/job/R1...
Postdoctoral Associate - CIMAS in Miami, Florida, United States of America | Research at University of Miami
Apply for Postdoctoral Associate - CIMAS job with University of Miami in Miami, Florida, United States of America. Research at University of Miami
careers.miami.edu
A new study suggests that US drought in the late 1980s is responsible for a major collapse in Gulf fisheries in the early 1990s: 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/03/25/u...
U.S. Drought in the Late 1980s Triggered a Major Depletion of Gulf Fisheries
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Historical depletion and future drought-driven risks to Gulf of Mexico fisheries production” by Berenshtein et al. (…
ocean2climate.org
A short paper by Josep Pelegri (2025) reviews the past, present and future of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC): 🌊🧪 doi.org/10.3989/scim...
Attention Physical Oceanographers....NOAA is hiring?! 5 positions, closing date is 3/25 so hurry. 🌊🧪 #oceanography www.usajobs.gov/job/861651700
USAJOBS connects job seekers with federal jobs across the United States and around the world as the official employment site for the federal government
This position is located in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) with vacancies in the following locations: <ul> <li>Atlantic O...
usajobs.gov
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a reliable pulse in the tropical stratosphere, a critical predictor of global weather. A new study shows that the QBO may collapse under sustained global warming, thereby disrupting our ability to predict global weather. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/03/04/t...
The Stratospheric Metronome of Global Weather Is Fading Under Global Warming
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “The disappearing quasi-biennial oscillation under sustained global warming” by Luo et al. (2026). Luo et al. (2026) …
ocean2climate.org
A high-resolution climate model study suggests that a northward shift in the Gulf Stream is the first sign of a potential AMOC collapse: 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/03/03/s...
Shifting Gulf Stream is the First Alarm for a Collapsing Atlantic Circulation
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Abrupt Gulf Stream path changes are a precursor to a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation” by…
ocean2climate.org
A new article shows why rising atmospheric CO2 is acidifying our blood and weakening our skeleton - the human (and animal) biological equivalent of "ocean acidification". 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/03/01/c...
Carbon Dioxide Overload: Why Human Blood is Becoming More Acidic
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Carbon dioxide overload, detected in human blood, suggests a potentially toxic atmosphere within 50 years” by Larcom…
ocean2climate.org
Have you noticed synchronized SST anomalies between the Pacific and Atlantic in global maps? It’s not a coincidence. According to a new study in Science Advances by Joh et al. (2026), this "oceanic handshake" is directly linked to the retreat of Arctic sea ice. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/03/01/t...
The Great Ocean Sync: How Melting Arctic Ice Links the World’s Most Powerful Currents
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Evolving synchronization of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension in a changing climate” by Joh et al. (202…
ocean2climate.org
A GRL paper by Song et al.(2026) shows that cold bias in coupled models stalls Kuroshio engine for the powerful storms hitting the North American west coast: 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/02/27/c...
Cold Bias Stalls Kuroshio Engine for the Powerful Storms Hitting the North American West Coast
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “North Pacific model biases influence Kuroshio Extension atmospheric circulation patterns” by Song et al. (2026). A n…
ocean2climate.org
A new GRL article by Klotzbach et al. (2026) explains why the late-season Caribbean hurricane frequency has doubled in the past 20 years. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/02/24/t...
The November Surprise: Why Caribbean Hurricanes are Doubling in Intensity and Frequency
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Recent Increasing Trend in October–November Caribbean Tropical Cyclone Activity” by Klotzbach. (2026). This research…
ocean2climate.org
A new study used a 5-10km spatial resolution climate model to explain why traditional climate models (e.g., CMIP6 models) fail to reproduce the observed cooling trend in the tropical Pacific. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/02/24/m...
More Pixels Solved the Pacific Ocean’s Cooling Mystery
This blog post and the “Km-scale coupled simulation and model–observation SST trend discrepancy” by Kang et al. (2026). This research article investigates why traditional climate models fail to rep…
ocean2climate.org
A study suggests that the South Atlantic is the ideal location to monitor the future weakening of the AMOC. This is because the short-term natural variability in the North Atlantic is effectively filtered out in the South. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/02/21/w...
Why the South Atlantic is Key to Monitoring the Future Weakening of the AMOC
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Rainfall sustains multiyear La Niña” by Tian et al. (2026). This research investigates how the Atlantic Meridional O…
ocean2climate.org
A new study proposes that La Nina-induced rainfall reduction in the western-central equatorial Pacific drives the 2nd-year La Nina. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2026/02/19/h...
How Dry Skies Sustain Multiyear La Niña
This blog post and the “Deep Dive” podcast, created by NotebookLM, are based on “Rainfall sustains multiyear La Niña” by Tian et al. (2026). This research investigates how rainfall-induced salinit…
ocean2climate.org