Some nymphs of Pemphigus spyrothecae defend their colony by attacking intruders entering the pseudo-galls on poplar in which they live. One of the few European aphids with something resembling a caste system. Here, a male Lysiphlebus fabarum is being wrestled by one of these "soldiers". [4× speed]

Larva of a mite (probably Allothrombium sp.) "hugging" its host, Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis, while feeding on its hemolymph.

Larva of a parasitoid wasp (Lysiphlebus fabarum) about to spin its cocoon inside the hollowed-out remains of its aphid host (Aphis fabae), eventually forming the characteristic "mummy". [16× speed]