1/ Jonathan Hutchinson was born in Selby, Yorkshire, UK, 23 July 1828. A physician and pathologist, Hutchinson is renowned for his life-long study of congenital syphilis.

1/ Albert Calmette was born in Nice, France, 12 July 1863. Calmette was a physician and bacteriologist who is credited with the discovery that the virulence of bovine tubercle bacilli is weakened when cultured on bile-containing medium.

How do you feel about the use of AI in medical imaging? The Department of Radiology at the University of Cambridge has launched a survey to understand what the public and patients know and think about the idea. Please complete and share the survey 'https://whatisbiotechnology.org/index.php/imaging/'

1/ Ludwig Guttmann was born in Tost, Prussia, German Empire (now Toszek, Poland) on 3 July 1899. A neurologist Guttmann organised the first Stoke Mandeville Games for disabled war veterans.

1/ OTD, 30 July 1952, the first successful open heart surgery was performed. The surgery was performed on Henry Opticek, a 41-year-old male suffering from shortness of breath, by Forest D Dodrill at Harper University Hospital at Wayne State University in Michigan.

1/ William H Stein was born in New York 25 June 1911. A biochemist, Stein shared the 1972 #NobelPrize for desciphering the composition and function of ribonuclease, an enzyme that catalyses the break down of RNA into smaller components.

1/ Oliver Smithies was born in Halifax, UK, 23 June 1925. A geneticist and physical biochemist, Smithies first made his mark in 1955 through his invention of starch gel electrophoresis, a technique used to study human protein variation.

1/ Ada E Yonath was born in Jerusalem, Palestine (now Israel), 22 June 1939. Yonath is a biochemist who won the #Nobelrize for Chemistry in 2009 for helping to map the structure of ribosomes, the molecule that helps translate RNA into protein.

1/ Cyril N Hinshelwood was born in London, UK, 19 June 1897. Hinshelwood was a physical chemist who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1956 for helping to work out chemical reaction rates and reaction mechanisms.

1/ On this day, 19 June 1986, the first monoclonal antibody was approved as a drug for use in humans. Orthoclone OKT3 was approved as an immunosuppressant drug to reduce patients' rejection of their kidney transplants.

1/ Ernst B Chain was born in Berlin, Germany, 19 June 1906. Chain was a Jewish biochemist who sought refuge in England from the Nazis in 1933. In the late 1930s he helped determine the therapeutic action of penicillin and that it could cure bacterial infections.

1/ Charles L Alphonse Laveran was born in Paris, France, 18 June 1845. Laveran was a physician who was one of the first to show protozoan parasites were the cause of disease. He first made the link in 1880 after finding parasites in a blood smear taken from a patient who had just died from malaria.

1/ Jerome Karle was born in Brooklyn, NY, USA, 18 June 1918. Karle was a crystallographer who helped to develop mathematical equations to determine the molecular structure of molecular chemical compounds based on the patterns they form when x-rays get diffracted by their crystals.

1/ Jan Vilcek was born in Bratislava, Slovakia, 17 June 1933. Vilcek is an immunologist who helped develop methods for the molecular characterisation of the cytokine human interferon and for its production for clinical use.

Francois Jacob was born in Nancy, France, 17 June 1920. Together with Jacques Monod, Jacob provided the first evidence of the existence and role of an intermediary molecule, now known as messenger RNA.

1/ Susan LaFlesche Picotte was born on the Omaha Reservation, USA, 17 June 1865. Picotte was the first Native American woman to gain a medical degree in the USA.

1/ Barbara McClintock was born in Hartford CT, USA, 16 June 1902. McClintock was a pioneer in the field of cytogenetics, a branch of genetics concerned with how chromosomes affect cell behaviour.

1/ Fritz A Lipmann born in Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad), Germany (now Russia), 12 June 1899. Lipmann was a biochemist who shared the 1953 #NobelPrize for Medicine for the discovery of coenzyme A.

1/ Bert Sakmann was born in Stuttgart, Germany, 12 June 1942. Sakmann is a cell physiologist and leading researcher in the field of cellular and membrane biology. He shared the #NobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991 for helping to uncover the function of single ion channels in cells.

1/ Eric F Wieschaus was born in South Bend, Indiana, USA, 8 June 1947. Wieschaus is an evolutionary developmental biologist who shared the 1995 #NobePrize for Medicine for research into genetic controls during early embryonic development.

1/ Robert F Furchgott was born 4 June 1916 in Charleston, SC, USA. A biochemist, Furchgott showed the signalling function of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system. In 1966 he noticed a substance in cells on the interior surface of blood vessels were capable of relaxing the blood vessels.

1/ Aristides Agramonte y Simoni was born 3 June 1868 in Camaguey, Cuba. Agramonte was a physician, pathologist and bacteriologist who discovered the role of the mosquito in the transmission of yellow fever in 1901.

1/ Otto Loewi was born 3 June 1873 in Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany. Loewi was a pharmacologist and physician. He is credited with the discovery of the first neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in the brain.

1/ Charles R Drew was born 3 June 1904 in Washington DC, USA. An African-American physician and surgeon, Drew specialised in blood transfusion. He helped improve techniques for blood storage and the development of large-scale blood banks in the early part of the Second World War.

1/ Werner Arber was born 3 June 1929 in Granichen, Switzerland. A geneticist and microbiologist, Arber shared the 1978 #NobelPrize in 1978 for helping to discover restriction enzymes and showing their application in molecular genetics

1/ Max Sterne was born 1st June 1905 in Trieste, Austria. Sterne pioneered a vaccine against anthrax in 1935 which effectively wiped out the disease.

1/ Stanley B Prusiner was born 28 May 1942 in Des Moines, Iowa, USA. Prusiner is a biochemist and neurologist who is known for his discovery of prions in 1982, a class of proteins he believed caused infections by improper protein folding, resulting in fatal disease in the brain and neural tissue.

1/ Edwin R Lankester was born 15 May 1847 in London, UK. Lankester was a zoologist and evolutionary biologist who was one of the first to discover protozoan parasites in the blood of vertebrates.

1/ Dorothy M Crowfoot Hodgkin was born 12 May 1910 in Cairo, Egypt. She was a British chemist who pioneered protein crystallography, a technique the uses x-ray crystallography to determine the three dimensional structure of protein crystals.

1/ Robert Koffler Jarvik was born 11 May 1946 in Midland, Michigan, USA. Jarvik is a medical scientist best known for having invented the first artificial heart used as a permanent replacement for a natural heart.