Anita Meier

@anitafmeier.bsky.social

Virologist at ETHZ sharing my fascination for viruses

Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea. To enter the host cell, RV must first activate its spike protein. This occurs when trypsin, a digestive enzyme found in the intestine, cleaves specific regions of the spike protein. Hence, ensuring tissue specificity.

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) tightly packages its DNA within the capsid and creates a pressure of ~20 atm that is used to inject the genome into the cell nucleus. Check out this beautiful structure of the capsid and portal vertex:

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We partially originate from viruses! This week I found out that part of the mitochondrial replication machinery (polymerase and helicase-primase) has its ancestry in bacteriophages. 🤯

Most viruses rely on the host to provide the entire translation machinery. However, giant viruses have evolved to encode part of the machinery themselves. Latest discovery: mimivirus (APMV) encodes its own initiation factor (vIF4F) and specifically promotes translation of viral mRNA!

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Studying viruses helps us understand cellular processes: the breakthrough discovery of RNA splicing in 1977 was achieved by studying adenovirus (AdV) biology. They used mRNA/ DNA hybridization and electron microscopy.

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Some of the weirdest viruses: Multipartite viruses have segmented genomes that are enclosed in different capsids, which are independently transmitted. All segments have to meet in the same host cell for complementation. The evolutionary benefit for this lifestyle is unclear.

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Application deadline for up to 5 @mrc-lms.bsky.social postdoc positions in developmental epigenetics closes soon - don’t miss out! Positions across both experimental and computational projects. Come and join our fantastic team science community!

Vicki Metzis@vmetzis.bsky.social · last yr.

Interested in developmental epigenetics? So are we! Apply now to join us for your postdoc! Multiple positions across multiple groups @mrc-lms.bsky.social Projects spanning germline demethylation, gene regulation, genome architecture in development & disease 👇👇 lms.mrc.ac.uk/work/vacanci...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections dramatically change the architecture of the host nucleus. HSV-1 specifically recruits certain host factors (e.g. RNAPII) to promote its replication. HSV-1 actively rewires the human genome! 😲Look at how the host genome gets squeezed!!

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This is a tupanvirus, ~450nm in diameter ~1.2um in length, clearly one of the giant viruses. It encodes for the most complete translational machinery found in viruses with only the ribosome lacking. Most (non-giant) viruses don't encode any components required for translation. It's so fluffy!! 😱

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Weird virus fact: Papillomaviruses can make their host cell immortal 🧟‍♂️ by activating telomerase (together with other mechanisms). The viral protein E6 regulates and directly interacts with hTERT and telomeric DNA.

Weird virus fact: HIV-1 and other retroviruses hijack cellular tRNA and use it as primer to initiate reverse transcription of their RNA genome. They exploit the same tRNA terminal 3′-OH group used by the host for aminoacylation and peptidyl transfer.

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Weird virus fact: In order to overcome the end replication problem, adenovirus DNA replication starts at a protein, rather than an RNA primer. The viral polymerase couples the first nucleotide (dCTP) to a serine on the terminal protein, which assures full replication by a jump-back mechanism. 😎