Biolojical

@biolojical.bsky.social

Sharing the science of biology through emojis. Managed by @jacobphd.bsky.social https://adaptivediversity.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/emoji_guide_to_human_genetic_diversity.pdf

What evolution means to most people: ๐ŸŸโ†’๐ŸฆŽโ†’๐Ÿ’โ†’๐Ÿ‘ถ Ok, that happened. Once. How it usually goes: ๐ŸŸโ†’๐ŸŸโ†’๐ŸŸโ†’๐ŸŸ or ๐ŸŸโ†’๐ŸŸโ†’๐ŸŸโ†’๐Ÿ’€ and just sometimes ๐ŸŸโ†’๐Ÿข ๐ŸŸโ†’๐Ÿฆ‰ ๐ŸŸโ†’๐Ÿณ

Polyphyly: (๐Ÿข๐Ÿง),๐ŸŠ Beaked animals Paraphyly: (๐ŸŠ๐Ÿข),๐Ÿง Reptiles Monophyly: (๐ŸŠ๐Ÿง),๐Ÿข Archosaurs Single filey: ๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง

Calendar of evolution: Jan 1โ˜ฃ1st life Nov 2๐Ÿš1st animals Nov 20๐Ÿ›1st land animals Nov 23๐Ÿฆˆ1st sharks Nov 26๐Ÿธ1st tetrapods Dec 3๐ŸŒฒ1st seed plants Dec 9๐ŸŒ‹๐Ÿ’€ Dec 10๐Ÿฆ•1st dinos Dec 11๐Ÿญ1st mammals Dec 19๐ŸŒผ1st flowers Dec 20๐Ÿฆ1st birds Dec 25๐Ÿฆ–1st T rex Dec 26โ˜„๐Ÿ’€ Dec 31๐Ÿ‘‹1st humans

How many months of pregnancy? <1๐Ÿ๐Ÿ€๐Ÿน 1๐Ÿ‡๐Ÿฟ๏ธ๐Ÿจ 2๐ŸฆŠ๐Ÿบ๐Ÿ•๐Ÿˆ 3๐Ÿ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ… 4๐Ÿ–๐Ÿผ 5๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ . 7๐Ÿป๐ŸฆŒ 8๐Ÿฆ 9๐Ÿ„๐Ÿคฐ 10๐Ÿƒ 11๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ‹ 12๐Ÿฌ 13๐Ÿซ๐Ÿช . . 16๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿณ . 18๐Ÿฆ‚ . . 21๐Ÿ˜ 22๐Ÿฆˆ

kg mass: 10ยณโฐ๐ŸŒž . . . . 10ยฒโต๐ŸŒŽ . 10ยฒยณ๐ŸŒ– . . . . . . . . 10ยนโด๐Ÿ—ป . . 10ยนยน๐ŸŒ€ . . 10โธ๐ŸŒ‰ . 10โถ๐ŸŒฒ 10โต๐Ÿ‹ 10โด๐Ÿ˜ 10ยณ๐Ÿฆ 100โ›น๏ธ 10๐Ÿฉ 1๐Ÿ 0.1๐Ÿ€ 0.01๐Ÿฆ‡ 0.001๐Ÿฅœ 10ยฏโด๐Ÿ 10ยฏโต๐Ÿž 10ยฏโถ๐ŸฆŸ . . . . . 10ยฏยนยฒ๐Ÿ”˜cellโ€”๐Ÿ‘ถ . . 10ยฏยนโต๐Ÿ”ตcellโ€”๐Ÿฆ  10ยฏยนโถ๐Ÿงฌchromosome . 10ยฏยนโธ๐Ÿ”นvirus . . . . . . . 10ยฏยฒโถโš›๏ธ

Christmas tree: โ”Œ๐ŸŽ„ โ”Œ| _โ”Œ๐ŸŒฟ(holly) | | | โ””๐ŸŒฑ(ivy) | โ””| โ”Œ๐ŸŒฐ(roasting on๐Ÿ”ฅ) |โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€พโ””๐Ÿ๐ŸŒณ |โ€ƒโ€ƒ _โ”Œ๐ŸŽ… | โ€ƒโ”Œ| โ””๐Ÿคถ | โ”Œ|โ””๐Ÿ(not stirring) |โ€ƒ|โ””|โ”Œ๐ŸŽ(dashing through๐ŸŒจ๏ธ) |โ€ƒ| โ””| โ”Œ๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿ‘ƒ๐ŸฆŒ |โ€ƒ|โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€พโ””(all of the other)๐ŸฆŒ โ””|โ”Œ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ โ””| โ”Œ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ” โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€พโ””๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆข

Interspecies hybrids: ๐Ÿฏโ™‚ร—๐Ÿฆโ™€โ†’tigon ๐Ÿฆโ™‚ร—๐Ÿฏโ™€โ†’liger ๐Ÿ†โ™‚ร—๐Ÿฆโ™€โ†’leopon ๐Ÿฆโ™‚ร—๐Ÿ†โ™€โ†’lipard ๐Ÿร—๐Ÿโ†’geep ๐Ÿฆ“ร—๐Ÿดโ†’zebroid ๐Ÿซร—๐Ÿชโ†’tรผlu ๐ŸŠร—๐Ÿ‹โ†’rangpur ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ“ร—๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ“โ†’the๐Ÿ“we eat ๐Ÿ‘จร—๐Ÿฆโ†’no

โ™‚๏ธ/โ™€๏ธnames: ๐ŸฆŒ๐Ÿ‡๐Ÿน๐Ÿ๐Ÿฟ๏ธ๐Ÿจbuck/doe ๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ๐Ÿฆ€cock/hen ๐Ÿฆ†drake/hen ๐Ÿฆƒtom/hen ๐Ÿ˜บtom/queen ๐Ÿ๐Ÿœdrone/queen ๐Ÿท๐Ÿฆ”๐Ÿป๐Ÿผboar/sow ๐Ÿram/ewe ๐ŸฆŠtod/vixen ๐Ÿด๐Ÿฆ“stallion/mare ๐ŸŠ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿช๐Ÿฆ’๐Ÿ„๐Ÿƒ๐Ÿ‹๐Ÿฌbull/cow ๐ŸŒผstaminate/pistillate ๐Ÿ„mating type A1B1/mating type A1B2/mating type A2B1/mating typeโ€ฆ

Species/planet โšช๏ธ(โ˜ฟ):0 ๐ŸŸก(โ™€๏ธ):0 ๐ŸŒŽ(โจ):2000000+ ๐Ÿ”ด(โ™‚๏ธ):0 ๐ŸŸค(โ™ƒ):0 ๐Ÿช(โ™„):0 ๐ŸŸข(โ›ข):0 ๐Ÿ”ต(โ™†):0

Covalent bonds by # of๐Ÿฆถ Water ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฅ๐ŸŒ Carbon dioxide ๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿ๐Ÿฅ Hydrogen ๐ŸŒ๐ŸŒ Methane โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ Ethanol โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ โ€ƒ๐Ÿฅ โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ Vinegar โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ ๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿ๐Ÿฅ๐ŸŒ Glucose โ€ƒ๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ๐Ÿฅ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ โ€ƒโ€ƒ๐Ÿฅ โ€ƒโ€ƒ๐ŸŒ Phosphoric acid โ€ƒโ€ƒ๐Ÿฅ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฅโญ๏ธ๐Ÿฅ๐ŸŒ โ€ƒโ€ƒ๐Ÿฅ โ€ƒ๐ŸŒ Helium ๐Ÿ

If you say๐Ÿตโ†’๐Ÿ‘ฉin 10^7 years is absurdโ€ฆ But accept ๐Ÿ›โ†’๐Ÿฆ‹ ๐Ÿฃโ†’๐Ÿ“ ๐Ÿ‘ถโ†’๐Ÿ‘ด ๐ŸŒฐโ†’๐ŸŒณ in <10^2 yearsโ€ฆ Is it really about plausible rates of change? Or your ego?

"The great Tree of Lifeโ€ฆ with its ever-branching and beautiful ramifications" -C Darwin โ€ƒโ€ƒโ”Œ๐Ÿฏ๐Ÿผ๐Ÿบ๐Ÿท๐Ÿณ๐Ÿฆ“ โ€ƒ โ”Œ| โ”Œ| โ””๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿง’๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฟ๏ธ๐Ÿน | | โ”Œ| โ””๐ŸŠ๐Ÿฆ–๐Ÿง๐Ÿฆ…๐Ÿ๐Ÿข | | | โ””๐Ÿ•ท๏ธ๐Ÿฆ€๐Ÿฆ—๐Ÿž๐Ÿฆ‹๐Ÿ | | โ”Œ๐ŸŒท๐ŸŒพ๐ŸŒฝ๐Ÿ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฅฅ | | โ””| โ”Œ๐ŸŒต๐Ÿฅ๐Ÿฅ•๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒถ๏ธ๐Ÿฅ” | | โ””| โ”Œ๐Ÿ€๐Ÿฅœ๐ŸŒน๐Ÿ‘๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ‰ โ€ƒ โ””| โ€ƒโ€ƒโ””๐Ÿ๐ŸŠ๐Ÿ‹๐Ÿฅฆ๐Ÿซ๐ŸŒบ

Fruit tree โ”Œ๐Ÿฅ‘ โ”Œ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ | โ”Œ๐Ÿฅ | โ”Œ| โ”Œ๐ŸŒถ โ””| โ€พโ””๐Ÿ…๐Ÿ† โ€ƒ| โ”Œ๐Ÿ‡ โ€ƒ โ€พ| โ”Œ๐ŸŠ๐Ÿ‹ โ€ƒ โ€พ| โ”Œ๐ŸŽƒ โ€ƒ| โ”Œ| โ”Œ๐Ÿ‰ โ€ƒ โ€พ| โ€พโ”” ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿฅ’ โ€ƒ | โ”Œ๐Ÿ“ โ€ƒ โ€พ| โ”Œ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ’ โ€ƒ โ€พโ””๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ

relative # species/family Aster๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป Pea๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅœ Coffeeโ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜•โ˜• Grass๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒฝ Mint๐ŸŒฟ๐ŸŒฟ๐ŸŒฟ๐ŸŒฟ๐ŸŒฟ๐ŸŒฟ๐ŸŒฟ Cacao๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿซ Carrot๐Ÿฅ•๐Ÿฅ•๐Ÿฅ•๐Ÿฅ• Crucifer๐Ÿฅฆ๐Ÿฅฆ๐Ÿฅฆ๐Ÿฅฆ Bromeliad๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ Rose๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ“ Grape๐Ÿ‡

The Scientific Method: Question โ€ƒ๐Ÿ“ฑ=โ“ Hypothesis โ€ƒ๐Ÿ“ฑ=โ›ต๏ธ Experiment โ€ƒ๐Ÿ“ฑ+๐ŸŒŠ Result โ€ƒ๐Ÿ“ต Conclusion โ€ƒ๐Ÿ“ฑโ‰ โ›ต๏ธ

Favorite use for keratin? ๐ŸŸmucus ๐Ÿธskin ๐ŸฆŽscales ๐Ÿขscutes ๐Ÿฆ…feathers ๐Ÿฆ”spines ๐Ÿฆmane ๐ŸฆŠclaws ๐Ÿฆhorn ๐Ÿ‹baleen ๐Ÿwool ๐Ÿ–hooves ๐Ÿญwhiskers ๐Ÿ’nails ๐Ÿ’ˆincome

Organisms on flags: ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡พ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ท ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ฎ ๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฉ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ฐ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ท ๐Ÿฆ™๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ช ๐ŸฆŒ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ธ ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ‡ป๐Ÿ‡ช ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ‡ป๐Ÿ‡บ ๐Ÿ‘ฅ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฟ ๐Ÿฆ…๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฟ๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ป๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ฟ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ฌ ๐Ÿฆœ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ฒ ๐Ÿง๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ธ ๐Ÿ•Š๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ฏ ๐Ÿฆ(other)๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฝ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฝ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ฟ๐Ÿ‡ผ ๐Ÿ‰๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ท๓ ฌ๓ ณ๓ ฟ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡น ๐Ÿข๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡พ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ ๐Ÿฆž๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡จ ๐ŸŒฟ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡พ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฒ ๐ŸŒด๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ด ๐ŸŒณ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ฟ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ถ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ช ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿ‡ฑ๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ซ ๐ŸŒต๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡จ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ๐ŸŒฐ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ฉ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡พ ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ฏ

Who shares a great-great-etc. grandparent with you? # of โ€œgreatsโ€: 10โฐ๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿฝ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿฝ 10ยน๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿง“๐Ÿฝ 10ยฒ๐Ÿง”๐Ÿผ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿฟโ€๐Ÿฆฑall humans 10ยณ 10โด 10โต 10โถ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿฆงall apes 10โท๐Ÿต๐Ÿ’ 10โธ๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฏ 10โน๐Ÿฆˆ๐Ÿ™all animals 10ยนโฐ๐ŸŒผ๐ŸŒฒ 10ยนยน 10ยนยฒ๐Ÿฆ ๐ŸŒall life

Just one organic chemical and its degradation products is why: ๐Ÿฉธ=๐Ÿ”ด ๐Ÿฅฉ=๐Ÿ”ด ๐Ÿคฎ=๐ŸŸก๐ŸŸข ๐Ÿ…ฟ๏ธ=๐ŸŸก ๐Ÿ’ฉ=๐ŸŸค Thanks, heme, for making me a๐ŸŒˆ!

How good is your๐Ÿ‘ƒ? # olfactory receptor genes: 0-100๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿ‹๐Ÿฆ›๐Ÿฆฆ . 200-300๐Ÿฆ‡ 300-400๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿฆฒ๐Ÿฆ 400-500๐Ÿต๐Ÿฆง๐Ÿฆ 500-600๐Ÿฆ™ 600-700๐Ÿ 700-800๐Ÿด 800-900๐Ÿฆ˜๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฏ๐Ÿ˜ธ๐Ÿผ๐Ÿถ 900-1000๐Ÿ‘ . 1100-1200๐Ÿฆ” 1200-1300๐Ÿ๐Ÿฎ 1300-1400๐Ÿท . . . . . . . 2100-2200๐Ÿฆฅ . . . 2500-2600๐Ÿ˜

Digital tech: ๐Ÿ“ฑ๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธ๐Ÿ’ป๐Ÿ’พ๐Ÿ“€ Nondigital tech: ๐ŸŽž๏ธ๐Ÿ“ฝ๏ธ๐Ÿ“ผโ˜Ž๏ธโณ Digital animals: ๐ŸฆŽ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿธ๐Ÿฟ๏ธ Nondigital animals: ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿก๐Ÿฆˆ๐Ÿชฑ

relative # of described species: plants๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป๐ŸŒป fungi๐Ÿ„๐Ÿ„๐Ÿ„ beetles๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž๐Ÿž butterflies/moths๐Ÿฆ‹๐Ÿฆ‹๐Ÿฆ‹๐Ÿฆ‹๐Ÿฆ‹๐Ÿฆ‹ flies๐ŸฆŸ๐ŸฆŸ๐ŸฆŸ๐ŸฆŸ๐ŸฆŸ other insects๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ mollusks๐ŸŒ๐ŸŒ๐ŸŒ arachnids๐Ÿ•ท๏ธ๐Ÿ•ท๏ธ๐Ÿ•ท๏ธ other invertebrates๐Ÿฆ€๐Ÿฆ€๐Ÿฆ€๐Ÿฆ€๐Ÿฆ€๐Ÿฆ€ tetrapods๐ŸŠ other vertebrates๐Ÿก

๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“๐Ÿฆ˜๐Ÿธ๐ŸŸ๐Ÿฆˆ๐Ÿ›๐Ÿฆ =๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“๐Ÿฆ˜๐Ÿธ๐ŸŸ๐Ÿฆˆ๐Ÿ›=๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“๐Ÿฆ˜๐Ÿธ๐ŸŸ๐Ÿฆˆ=๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“๐Ÿฆ˜๐Ÿธ๐ŸŸ=๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“๐Ÿฆ˜๐Ÿธ=๐Ÿฆต๐Ÿป๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“๐Ÿฆ˜=๐Ÿฅ›๐Ÿฆต๐Ÿป๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ“=๐Ÿคฐ๐Ÿฝ๐Ÿฅ›๐Ÿฆต๐Ÿป๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’=๐Ÿ’…๐Ÿผ๐Ÿคฐ๐Ÿฝ๐Ÿฅ›๐Ÿฆต๐Ÿป๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ๐Ÿฆ=๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿฟ๐Ÿ’…๐Ÿผ๐Ÿคฐ๐Ÿฝ๐Ÿฅ›๐Ÿฆต๐Ÿป๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ ๐Ÿง‘๐Ÿพ=๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿฟ๐Ÿ’…๐Ÿผ๐Ÿคฐ๐Ÿฝ๐Ÿฅ›๐Ÿฆต๐Ÿป๐Ÿฆด๐Ÿ’€๐Ÿง ๐Ÿงฌ

Industrial melanism: ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿญโ†’ ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ› Hypogean depigmentation: ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿš‡โ†’ ๐Ÿˆโ€๐Ÿˆโ€๐Ÿˆโ€๐Ÿˆโ€๐Ÿˆโ€ Daisyworld: ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿฅถโ†’ ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿฅตโ†’ ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿฅถโ†’ ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿฅตโ†’ ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿฅถโ†’ ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›๐Ÿˆโ€โฌ›โ†’๐Ÿฅตโ†’โ€ฆ

What are๐Ÿ‡บ? Dust of a๐ŸŒŸ Mostly๐Ÿ’ง A๐Ÿงฌlonger than any๐Ÿ“˜, in more copies than all the๐Ÿ“šon๐ŸŒŽ Cousin to๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฆข๐Ÿฆ‹๐ŸŒณ More๐Ÿง cells than # of๐Ÿ‘ฅalive A๐Ÿงฐthat can make๐Ÿ–ผ๏ธ๐Ÿš€๐ŸŒ‰๐Ÿฅ˜๐Ÿ—ฝor๐Ÿ’ฃ A๐Ÿฆ after billions of version updates A๐Ÿงณmade of๐Ÿฅฉfilled with๐Ÿ’ฉ Among the fewโš›๏ธโš›๏ธโš›๏ธin๐ŸŒŒthat can๐Ÿค”๐Ÿฅฐ๐Ÿ˜ข๐Ÿ˜†โ€ฆ

Chromosome # 2๐Ÿœ 6๐ŸฆŸ 14๐Ÿฅ’ 16๐Ÿจ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ’ 18๐Ÿ‹๐Ÿฅ•๐Ÿฅฆ๐Ÿฅฌ 20๐Ÿฆ˜๐ŸŒฝ 22๐Ÿฆ—๐Ÿ‰ 24๐ŸŒท๐ŸŒถ๏ธ๐Ÿฅ‘๐Ÿ… 26๐Ÿ 28๐ŸŒน 30๐Ÿฆ’ 32๐Ÿ๐Ÿ€๐Ÿฅฅ 33๐ŸŒ 34๐ŸฆŠ๐ŸŠ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŒป 36๐ŸŒ๐Ÿฆ› 38๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿท๐Ÿ‡ 40๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿฅญ 42๐Ÿผ๐Ÿ€๐Ÿก 44๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿน๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฆก 46๐Ÿ‘ฅ๐Ÿฆ“ 48๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿฅ” 50๐Ÿƒ๐Ÿ 54๐Ÿ 56๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ“ 60๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿ 64๐Ÿด 66๐Ÿฆ…๐Ÿฆœ 70๐ŸฆŒ 74๐Ÿป๐Ÿช๐Ÿฆ™ 76๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ 78๐Ÿ”๐Ÿถ๐Ÿบ 80๐Ÿฆƒ๐Ÿฆ†๐Ÿฆข 82๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿฆˆ 84๐ŸŒบ 88๐Ÿฆ” 90๐Ÿ  110๐Ÿฆž 174๐Ÿฅ

๐ŸŒhistory (ร—10^6 years) 4000๐ŸŒ‹ 3000๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ 2000๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ 1000๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ 500๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿ„ 450๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐Ÿ™ 400๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐Ÿ•ท๏ธ๐ŸŒ 350๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐ŸŸ 300๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿž๐Ÿ  250๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿธ๐ŸฆŽ 200๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿธ๐ŸŠ๐Ÿฆ€ 150๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿธ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿฆ• 100๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿธ๐Ÿฆ๐ŸŒด๐Ÿฆ– 50๐ŸŒ‹โ˜ฃ๏ธ๐Ÿš๐Ÿฆˆ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿธ๐Ÿฆ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿฆ‡๐ŸŒพ โ€ƒ0๐Ÿคณ

Biotic exchanges: Beringian ๐ŸŒ:๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿบ๐Ÿ˜€โ†’โ†๐Ÿช๐ŸŽ:๐ŸŒŽ Columbian ๐ŸŒŽ:๐ŸŒป๐Ÿ๐Ÿ…๐ŸŒฝ๐ŸŒถ๐Ÿฟ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿฅœ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿšฌ๐Ÿฅ‘๐Ÿฅ”๐Ÿฆƒโ†’โ†๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿ„๐Ÿ–๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ๐Ÿ“๐ŸŒพ๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿ‰๐ŸŠ๐Ÿ‹๐ŸŒ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ†:๐ŸŒ Pathogen ๐Ÿค’โ†’โ†๐Ÿคง