@cornellcovercrops.bsky.social

Cover-crop commentary from Thomas Björkman, Cornell University Horticulture. covercrop.org Also @cropscover at X

Remembering the bad old days... Now we look to cover crops to do some of the weed management. These weed recommendations from 1957 are a reminder of how much safer the chemical part is these days, but still worth reducing.

Dangerous 1957 weed management. "Vapam, aerocyanamid, methyl bromide etc."

Burning trees for energy is not carbon-neutral! - Burning trees emits more CO2 per unit energy than fossil fuels - Harvesting trees for energy releases carbon that would otherwise have remained stored in the forest - It often takes decades for CO2 from burning to be re-absorbed by new tree growth

Cover crops: 25-50% reduction in purchased fertiliser costs within 5 years. Nitrogen-fixing species replace $40-80/acre of synthetic inputs. 20M hectares in the US now. That number is up 50% since 2017. Farmers adopting this are not making an environmental statement.

When testing living mulch as a #covercrop system, the default expectation has to be that the cover crop will compete too much with the main crop and that pest pressure will be higher. If the new system is an exception, the burden of proof is high if one is to be taken seriously.

Biofuels are another driver. Corn, soy, canola, and sugarcane all are being increasingly used to power vehicles instead of people. This is a shockingly inefficient use of land; EVs can go *300x* farther powered by a hectare of solar panels vs a hectare of crops! 10/

The Cornell AgriTech Summer Scholars program is back! It is a paid research undergraduate research internship at one of the worlds premier horticulture institutions. We are now accepting applications for a new cohort of excellent undergraduates for summer 2026. cals.cornell.edu/cornell-agri...

Summer Scholars

WelcomeCornell AgriTech in Geneva, New York offers a Summer Research Scholars Program where undergraduate students participate in exciting projects in agricultural research, food and beverage entrepre...

cals.cornell.edu

New Research: Keller et al PNAS www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/... Subsoil compaction worsens when intervals between compaction events are shorter than soil structure recovery times #Covercrops can reduce recovery times when managed for that goal. Roots make holes and can make soil column support weight.

PNAS

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

pnas.org

This research adds important understanding of the nitrogen cycle to reduce nitrate leaching. Root growth and plant decomposition influence risk. We know the functional models, but need to fill in parameter values for many production systems. Especially to get max value from #covercrops.

Brett van Heyningen@brettvhaafc.bsky.social · 12mo ago

Sandy soils on PEI means farming practices can directly impact water. 🌱💧 #AgLivingLab Research from Dr. Yefang Jiang shows swapping red clover for soybeans in crop rotations can cut nitrogen in groundwater by 17%, in estuaries by 8%, and sea lettuce biomass by 24%. Learn more: ow.ly/RJIT50XgtLe

At 1:12 "Dedicating land to biofuels is actually worse for the climate than burning fossil fuels." He goes on...supplying 25% of aviation energy with soybased "sustainable aviation fuel" requires clearing an area about the size of India. Do physiologists and agronomists know how crazy this is?

Richard Waite@waiterich.bsky.social · last yr.

Should we power airplanes with food crops? Check out our new video, part of @worldresources.bsky.social’s Stories to Watch 2025 series, where I break down how crop-based biofuels are on the front line of the discussion about alternative aviation fuels and what gets to count as “sustainable.”

I like that most of the recommended management actions are already standard practice on many farms. Therefore increased adoption is possible in the near term--with the right incentives.

Richard Waite@waiterich.bsky.social · last yr.

Check out our team’s new paper about reducing nitrogen losses in US row-crop agriculture, by @mikebadzmierowski.bsky.social. Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but its overuse reduces air and water quality and emits potent GHGs. This paper examines solutions. www.wri.org/research/red...

Reducing Nitrogen Losses in US Row-Crop Agriculture: Challenges, Solutions, and Policy Pathways

Mike Badzmierowski

Executive Summary
Highlights
• Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but its excessive use leads to significant air- and water-borne environmental losses. Nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas (GHG) 273 times more potent than carbon dioxide and the current leading contributor to ozone depletion, is released particularly from over-applied nitrogen. The costs of agricultural nitrogen pollution in the United States likely surpass US$200 billion, primarily due to its impact on air and water quality.
• The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) suggests that half of US agricultural GHG emissions are nitrous oxide (EPA 2024). New measurements suggest EPA models underestimate emissions, particularly as rising temperatures may increase emission rates.
• Uniform application rates are inefficient due to variability within fields.
Reduced nitrogen rate applications through precision nitrogen manage-ment, leveraging on-farm trials, and improved irrigation are effective strategies for reducing nitrogen losses and fertilizer waste, thereby enhancing farmer profitability. Nitrification inhibitors are likely to be site- and time-dependent regarding their nitrogen loss potential.
• Implementing a "National Nitrogen Initiative" could help improve fertilizer use and boost farmer profitability. With just 24 percent of cropland contributing 63 percent of the nation's nitrogen surplus (Roy et al. 2021), the focus should start in "hotspot regions."

Finding beneficial management is a high research priority! "Cover crops’ effects on nitrous oxide [is] unclear, with variances ranging from increases to decreases in emissions. Research is needed to determine the conditions under which cover crop varieties lead to different direction..."

Richard Waite@waiterich.bsky.social · last yr.

Check out our team’s new paper about reducing nitrogen losses in US row-crop agriculture, by @mikebadzmierowski.bsky.social. Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but its overuse reduces air and water quality and emits potent GHGs. This paper examines solutions. www.wri.org/research/red...

Reducing Nitrogen Losses in US Row-Crop Agriculture: Challenges, Solutions, and Policy Pathways

Mike Badzmierowski

Executive Summary
Highlights
• Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but its excessive use leads to significant air- and water-borne environmental losses. Nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas (GHG) 273 times more potent than carbon dioxide and the current leading contributor to ozone depletion, is released particularly from over-applied nitrogen. The costs of agricultural nitrogen pollution in the United States likely surpass US$200 billion, primarily due to its impact on air and water quality.
• The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) suggests that half of US agricultural GHG emissions are nitrous oxide (EPA 2024). New measurements suggest EPA models underestimate emissions, particularly as rising temperatures may increase emission rates.
• Uniform application rates are inefficient due to variability within fields.
Reduced nitrogen rate applications through precision nitrogen manage-ment, leveraging on-farm trials, and improved irrigation are effective strategies for reducing nitrogen losses and fertilizer waste, thereby enhancing farmer profitability. Nitrification inhibitors are likely to be site- and time-dependent regarding their nitrogen loss potential.
• Implementing a "National Nitrogen Initiative" could help improve fertilizer use and boost farmer profitability. With just 24 percent of cropland contributing 63 percent of the nation's nitrogen surplus (Roy et al. 2021), the focus should start in "hotspot regions."

"A global meta-analysis found that cover crops reduce nitrate leaching from croplands by an average of 69 percent, with the greatest benefits observed on increasingly sandier soils and from non-leguminous cover crops ." In the US Northeast, this requires planting *now* so the roots reach the N.

Richard Waite@waiterich.bsky.social · last yr.

Check out our team’s new paper about reducing nitrogen losses in US row-crop agriculture, by @mikebadzmierowski.bsky.social. Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but its overuse reduces air and water quality and emits potent GHGs. This paper examines solutions. www.wri.org/research/red...

Reducing Nitrogen Losses in US Row-Crop Agriculture: Challenges, Solutions, and Policy Pathways

Mike Badzmierowski

Executive Summary
Highlights
• Nitrogen is essential for crop production, but its excessive use leads to significant air- and water-borne environmental losses. Nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas (GHG) 273 times more potent than carbon dioxide and the current leading contributor to ozone depletion, is released particularly from over-applied nitrogen. The costs of agricultural nitrogen pollution in the United States likely surpass US$200 billion, primarily due to its impact on air and water quality.
• The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) suggests that half of US agricultural GHG emissions are nitrous oxide (EPA 2024). New measurements suggest EPA models underestimate emissions, particularly as rising temperatures may increase emission rates.
• Uniform application rates are inefficient due to variability within fields.
Reduced nitrogen rate applications through precision nitrogen manage-ment, leveraging on-farm trials, and improved irrigation are effective strategies for reducing nitrogen losses and fertilizer waste, thereby enhancing farmer profitability. Nitrification inhibitors are likely to be site- and time-dependent regarding their nitrogen loss potential.
• Implementing a "National Nitrogen Initiative" could help improve fertilizer use and boost farmer profitability. With just 24 percent of cropland contributing 63 percent of the nation's nitrogen surplus (Roy et al. 2021), the focus should start in "hotspot regions."