@datahistorian.bsky.social

Retired History Prof, UW-Milwaukee, https://uwm.edu/history/about/directory/anderson-margo/ History of Data, Politics of Numbers. Latest book [with William Seltzer]: Use and Misuse of the U.S. Census

"We are pleased to say that two pieces of our ICE Out package, which take a clear stand against the appalling actions of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ICE), were passed...in a strong show of support by the Common Council."

Milwaukee, WI: Now…”What do we do about ICE? 3rd District Town Hall... THIS EVENING - Monday, February 2 - meeting REMINDER from Alderman Alex Brower.” Overflow crowd, line to get in snaked around the block, watching on Facebook if not in the room. Looks like there’s a lot of interest. Tks Alex!

More tinkering: When to report. Who does what, BLS or Census Bureau. What about private sector surveys? What else could one use to measure unemployment, a new question once the Social Security Act [1935] authorized unemployment “insurance.” More to come...

4. Get the tabulation report out fast, preferably 2-3 weeks after the data collection. 5.Who’s going to pay for it? For ~10 years, a government “experiment,” originally the “monthly report on the labor force,” late 1930s-1940s, to work out kinks. [Skipping WWII here, a big part of the story.]

3. Let’s get the definition straight: a person was only unemployed if in the right demographic [not too old, not too young], and actually looking for work the week the sample surveyors came around.

2. Probability sampling [a hot new thing at the time], would permit frequent simple measurement [monthly!], so we’ll need a staff of “field interviewers.”

1. Unemployment fluctuates a lot with the cycles of the larger economy, and needs frequent measurement. A census is the wrong instrument to measure it. Too expensive, too slow for the reporting.....

The “data” were unsatisfactory, irregularly reported, long story short, the Depression accelerated technical work on the issue. [A truncated version of the issues…]

Unemployment, labor force participation, is hard to measure. Who does it apply to? Adults? Of what ages? People with their own “businesses”? What about farmers? What about “homemakers?” ....

A series of posts on the history of data. Like the bridges and roads one drives on, one doesn’t need to know about the bridge builder, unless the bridge falls down, fails. Then all of a sudden it’s really important, which is what happened Friday August 1, 2025, with the monthly unemployment report.