Structure and function of the outer kinetochore

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00988-8The kinetochore orchestrates chromosome segregation. The KMN complex, which forms the core of the outer kinetochore binds to microtubules, recruits regulators and functions as a switch for the spindle assembly checkpoint. Recent integrative imaging, biochemical and structural studies have revealed how the KMN assemblies ensure accurate chromosome segregation.

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Structure and function of the centromere and inner kinetochore

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00989-7The kinetochore is a macromolecular complex that assembles on centromeric chromatin and connects spindle microtubules to the chromosome. This Review discusses recent advances in determining the organization of centromeric chromatin and the complete structure and function of the inner kinetochore, which are crucial for accurate chromosome segregation.

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Exchange dynamics and kinetic control of gene regulation complexes

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00991-zRecent evidence reveals how gene expression complexes form transient assemblies that continually exchange their subunits under kinetic control. This Perspective proposes that these dynamics form the basis of RNA processing and gene regulation.

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At high noon, plants apply a condensate sunscreen

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01008-5MBS1 condensates induced by high light conditions shield chloroplasts and prevent accumulation of singlet oxygen, thereby conferring tolerance without reduction in photosynthesis.

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Regulation of RNA transcript elongation in metazoans and its relevance to disease

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01003-wThis Review discusses how transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II is regulated and how obstacles such as nucleosomes are overcome. Also discussed are the roles of transcription surveillance machineries, which ensure mRNA integrity and suppress spurious transcription, and how elongation defects contribute to diseases.

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Modulating the degree of X-inactivation escape to establish causal links to sex-biased disease

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01007-6Gene escape from X-chromosome inactivation can cause sex-biased diseases. A workflow is presented to help find escape genes and experimentally manipulate their expression.

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Cellular and signalling mechanisms that regulate the blood–brain barrier - Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

This Review summarizes the latest advances in blood–brain barrier (BBB) research, highlighting how emerging findings on the modulation of BBB function and heterogeneity by cellular interactions and si...

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Exchange dynamics and kinetic control of gene regulation complexes

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00991-zRecent evidence reveals how gene expression complexes form transient assemblies that continually exchange their subunits under kinetic control. This Perspective proposes that these dynamics form the basis of RNA processing and gene regulation.

dlvr.it

At high noon, plants apply a condensate sunscreen

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01008-5MBS1 condensates induced by high light conditions shield chloroplasts and prevent accumulation of singlet oxygen, thereby conferring tolerance without reduction in photosynthesis.

dlvr.it

Regulation of RNA transcript elongation in metazoans and its relevance to disease

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01003-wThis Review discusses how transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II is regulated and how obstacles such as nucleosomes are overcome. Also discussed are the roles of transcription surveillance machineries, which ensure mRNA integrity and suppress spurious transcription, and how elongation defects contribute to diseases.

dlvr.it

Modulating the degree of X-inactivation escape to establish causal links to sex-biased disease

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01007-6Gene escape from X-chromosome inactivation can cause sex-biased diseases. A workflow is presented to help find escape genes and experimentally manipulate their expression.

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Mitochondrial tRNA biogenesis, modifications and disease relevance

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00999-5Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) biogenesis has evolved to support a degenerate mt-tRNA structure and a simplified genetic code. Liu and colleagues provide a fascinating overview of mt-tRNA biology, discuss how mt-tRNA-associated perturbations directly cause disease, and examine how emerging knowledge will lead to targeted therapeutics.

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Mechanisms, regulation and clinical relevance of necroptosis

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 21 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01002-xNecroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by the formation of membrane pores and cell lysis, can be triggered by both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. This Review discusses mechanistic insights into necroptosis pathways mediated by receptors and by Z-nucleic acids.

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Mitochondrial tRNA biogenesis, modifications and disease relevance

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00999-5Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) biogenesis has evolved to support a degenerate mt-tRNA structure and a simplified genetic code. Liu and colleagues provide a fascinating overview of mt-tRNA biology, discuss how mt-tRNA-associated perturbations directly cause disease, and examine how emerging knowledge will lead to targeted therapeutics.

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Cellular and signalling mechanisms that regulate the blood–brain barrier

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01000-zThis Review summarizes the latest advances in blood–brain barrier (BBB) research, highlighting how emerging findings on the modulation of BBB function and heterogeneity by cellular interactions and signalling pathways might shape BBB-targeted therapeutics.

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Mechanisms, regulation and clinical relevance of necroptosis

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 21 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01002-xNecroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by the formation of membrane pores and cell lysis, can be triggered by both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. This Review discusses mechanistic insights into necroptosis pathways mediated by receptors and by Z-nucleic acids.

dlvr.it

Cellular and signalling mechanisms that regulate the blood–brain barrier

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01000-zThis Review summarizes the latest advances in blood–brain barrier (BBB) research, highlighting how emerging findings on the modulation of BBB function and heterogeneity by cellular interactions and signalling pathways might shape BBB-targeted therapeutics.

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Factories, clusters, hubs, condensates — many names, one principle

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 15 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01001-yAlready thirty years ago, DNA replication, transcription and repair machineries were proposed to form and function in nuclear ‘factories’, later also dubbed hubs and condensates.

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A demonstration that multivalent interactions drive condensate formation

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 13 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01004-9A demonstration that phase separation of biomolecules is promoted by multivalent interactions, which form dynamic polymer networks with cellular functions.

dlvr.it

Factories, clusters, hubs, condensates — many names, one principle

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 15 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01001-yAlready thirty years ago, DNA replication, transcription and repair machineries were proposed to form and function in nuclear ‘factories’, later also dubbed hubs and condensates.

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A demonstration that multivalent interactions drive condensate formation

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 13 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01004-9A demonstration that phase separation of biomolecules is promoted by multivalent interactions, which form dynamic polymer networks with cellular functions.

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Bringing CRISPR screens into tissue space

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 10 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01006-7SPAC-seq combines spatial transcriptomics and CRISPR screening within the tissue context, to identify how gene perturbations influence cell states and tissues.

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Bringing CRISPR screens into tissue space

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 10 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-01006-7SPAC-seq combines spatial transcriptomics and CRISPR screening within the tissue context, to identify how gene perturbations influence cell states and tissues.

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Human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as integrators of translation and cell signalling networks

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 03 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00980-2Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach amino acids to matching tRNAs to ensure accurate translation. This Review discusses new insights into their canonical and emerging non-canonical roles, including in metabolic signalling, stress responses, gene regulation and diseases.

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How proteins fold

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 02 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00993-xDespite advances in protein structure prediction, how proteins fold remains unclear. Understanding protein (mis)folding will require single-molecule techniques and advanced computation tools.

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Reply to ‘Single-cell evidence for PANoptosome complexes’

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 01 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00995-9Reply to ‘Single-cell evidence for PANoptosome complexes’

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Plucking cellular ribosomes with Ribo-Tweezer

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00998-6In this Tools of the Trade, Chen & Cheng (Barna lab) describe the development of Ribo-Tweezer, a method that enables the targeted degradation of individual ribosomal proteins of the cytoplasmic ribosome.

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Human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as integrators of translation and cell signalling networks

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 03 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00980-2Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach amino acids to matching tRNAs to ensure accurate translation. This Review discusses new insights into their canonical and emerging non-canonical roles, including in metabolic signalling, stress responses, gene regulation and diseases.

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COPII meets autophagy at the ER membrane

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 30 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00997-7This study shows that neutral lipids regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane curvature and bendability during ER-phagy, and finds that a COPII protein helps couple ER cargo to the autophagy receptor.

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Diapause presses pause on life’s developmental and ageing clock

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 29 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00996-8Chi-Kuo Hu discusses a seminal 1976 paper that first described the dauer stage of Caenorhabditis elegans, in which development and ageing are paused.

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