More resources, less microbial diversity

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 04 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01356-1In a recent study, Shalev and colleagues demonstrate that enhanced resource diversity in microbial communities can reduce microbial biodiversity, challenging current ecological theories.

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Links between bone fractures and the gut microbiota

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41574-026-01286-1In this Review, the authors describe evidence linking the gut microbiota to bone fractures. They discuss findings from rodent models and human studies on the effects of the gut microbiota on bone and muscle and explore the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota is associated with bone fractures.

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Within-host gene transfer drives tobramycin resistance

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 03 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01355-2In a recent study, Karash and colleagues provide evidence for a resistance mechanism in which plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance genes are horizontally transferred from transiently infecting bacteria to antibiotic-sensitive pathogens residing in patients’ lungs.

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Impacts of pollution on the soil microbiome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 31 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01350-7In this Review, Zhu and colleagues overview the major types of soil pollution in the Anthropocene and their effects on soil microbiome composition, function and dynamics, while also exploring microbiome-based strategies to manage and mitigate soil pollution and safeguard environmental, plant, animal and human health.

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Host–microbiota–pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01348-1In this Review, Vázquez-Torres discusses our current understanding of how the dynamic interplay between microbial competition, host defences and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium countermeasures determines the outcome of infection.

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Eggerthella lenta: metabolism, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01344-5Advancing microbiome research beyond well-studied bacterial species is key to understanding the full functional diversity and potential of the human gut microbiome. In this Review, Turnbaugh and colleagues explore the unique metabolism and pathogenic potential of Eggerthella lenta, supporting the feasibility and utility of studying diverse human-associated bacterial species.

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Echoes in the earth: how microbiomes help plants remember and resist

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01343-6In this Genome Watch, we explore how the ecological memory of microbiomes shapes transgenerational stress resilience in plants.

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Immune safeguarding as a conserved principle of antiviral defence

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01349-0All organisms defend against viral infections through active immunity mechanisms that clear the virus or population-level mechanisms that cause regulated cell death. Recent research increasingly shows that, across all domains of life, these two types of defence systems are coupled such that regulated cell death mechanisms safeguard or back up active immunity.

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Host–microbiota–pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01348-1In this Review, Vázquez-Torres discusses our current understanding of how the dynamic interplay between microbial competition, host defences and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium countermeasures determines the outcome of infection.

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Eggerthella lenta: metabolism, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01344-5Advancing microbiome research beyond well-studied bacterial species is key to understanding the full functional diversity and potential of the human gut microbiome. In this Review, Turnbaugh and colleagues explore the unique metabolism and pathogenic potential of Eggerthella lenta, supporting the feasibility and utility of studying diverse human-associated bacterial species.

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Immune safeguarding as a conserved principle of antiviral defence - Nature Reviews Microbiology

All organisms defend against viral infections through active immunity mechanisms that clear the virus or population-level mechanisms that cause regulated cell death. Recent research increasingly shows...

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Early microbial encounters, lasting effects: strains matter

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01347-2This Genome Watch highlights recent evidence linking early-life gut microbial colonization to health benefits and cancer risk, shaped by strain-level microbial variation.

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Emergence of human pathogenic fungi in a changing climate

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01345-4As climate variability intensifies, human-pathogenic fungi are spreading into new regions and causing more disease. Addressing emergence will require stronger surveillance and forecasting; research on fungal dispersal, adaptation and population immunity; and policies that support vaccine development, antifungal stewardship and diagnostic access.

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Echoes in the earth: how microbiomes help plants remember and resist

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01343-6In this Genome Watch, we explore how the ecological memory of microbiomes shapes transgenerational stress resilience in plants.

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Immune safeguarding as a conserved principle of antiviral defence

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01349-0All organisms defend against viral infections through active immunity mechanisms that clear the virus or population-level mechanisms that cause regulated cell death. Recent research increasingly shows that, across all domains of life, these two types of defence systems are coupled such that regulated cell death mechanisms safeguard or back up active immunity.

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Early microbial encounters, lasting effects: strains matter

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01347-2This Genome Watch highlights recent evidence linking early-life gut microbial colonization to health benefits and cancer risk, shaped by strain-level microbial variation.

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Emergence of human pathogenic fungi in a changing climate

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01345-4As climate variability intensifies, human-pathogenic fungi are spreading into new regions and causing more disease. Addressing emergence will require stronger surveillance and forecasting; research on fungal dispersal, adaptation and population immunity; and policies that support vaccine development, antifungal stewardship and diagnostic access.

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Waterborne diseases and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 03 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01338-3In this Review, Levy and colleagues explore the relationships between climate change and waterborne diseases, discussing how the meteorological conditions that are influenced by climate change, including temperature, heavy rainfall and flooding, drought and extreme weather, affect the biology and transmission of waterborne pathogens, with a focus on those that spread via the faecal–oral route.

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Climate change boosts Salmonella antimicrobial resistance

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 02 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01341-8In this study, Zhou, Teng, Geng and colleagues report that warming and changes in precipitation patterns were associated with increased abundance of Salmonella antimicrobial resistance genes.

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Climate adaptation and biodiversity shape West Nile virus risk in cities

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 02 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01340-9The study suggests that climate adaptation measures that increase urban biodiversity and green infrastructure may help to reduce local West Nile virus transmission in cities.

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Waterborne diseases and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 03 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01338-3In this Review, Levy and colleagues explore the relationships between climate change and waterborne diseases, discussing how the meteorological conditions that are influenced by climate change, including temperature, heavy rainfall and flooding, drought and extreme weather, affect the biology and transmission of waterborne pathogens, with a focus on those that spread via the faecal–oral route.

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Climate change boosts Salmonella antimicrobial resistance

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 02 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01341-8In this study, Zhou, Teng, Geng and colleagues report that warming and changes in precipitation patterns were associated with increased abundance of Salmonella antimicrobial resistance genes.

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Climate factors and evolution drive cholera surges in Dhaka

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 02 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01342-7This study suggests that both genomic evolution and climate factors shape the dynamics of cholera transmission and drive case surges in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

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Reframing risk assessment for malaria elimination in a changing climate

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 24 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01337-4Current malaria risk stratification approaches that support the global malaria eradication agenda are limited in capturing rapidly shifting pathogen transmission dynamics, unprecedented climate variability, extreme weather events, land use changes and population mobility. Omumbo, Hassell and Siwo propose reframing malaria burden-based metrics into anticipatory risk intelligence systems that leverage artificial intelligence tools.

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Bacterial vesicles protect the membrane during polymyxin stress

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 24 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01339-2In this study, Bos and colleagues report previously uncharacterized roles for bacterial extracellular vesicles in membrane repair and tolerance to membrane-active antibiotics such as polymyxin B.

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Fermented food microbiome: influence on oral and gut microbiota, and human health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 23 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01333-8The bioactive compounds and microbial consortia contained in plant-based fermented foods support oral and gut microbiota, host immune function and metabolic resilience. This Review describes the impact of the fermented food microbiome on the oral–gut axis and identifies a strategic roadmap to integrate this edible microbiome into precision nutrition practices to promote health.

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Coupling experiments and macroecological models to resolve multi-stressor effects in vector–pathogen systems

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 22 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01330-xMosquitoes, ticks and other vectors of infectious diseases are affected by interacting macroecological changes — climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental pollution — with multifaceted implications for human and animal health worldwide. We emphasize the need to establish the underlying mechanisms and anticipate future disease dynamics by integrating experiments, field observations and mechanistic, scenario-based modelling.

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Klebsiella genus as driver of human disease: from infections to non-communicable disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 22 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01331-wKlebsiella spp. are mainly known as harmful, potentially drug-resistant, infectious agents, but they can also contribute to non-infectious diseases. In this Review, Porcari and colleagues discuss the pathogenic contribution of Klebsiella spp. to non-communicable disorders and the therapeutic strategies to treat and control the spread of these pathogens.

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A new antibiotic scaffold hits a new target

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01336-5This study describes the discovery of a new antibiotic with a previously unknown mode of action.

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Bundibugyo virus outbreak: when a concerning pathogen meets a humanitarian emergency

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01332-9The Democratic Republic of the Congo has declared its seventeenth Ebola outbreak, caused by the Bundibugyo virus, which had been circulating undetected for months. The response is now catching up across a region weakened by conflict, displacement and loss of humanitarian aid. With no licensed vaccine or treatment, containment will depend on rebuilding resources, access and trust in public health systems.

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