Adherence to medications, lifestyle advice, and self-monitoring for type 2 diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and interactive network analysis

In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Angeliki Aposolou, Reuben Simfukwe and colleagues assessed adherence to different aspects of type 2 diabetes and hypertension treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Trajectories of physical function, depressive symptoms, and cognitive performance before and after falls in older adults: A matched multicohort study

In this multicohort study, Junjie Lin and colleagues show that multidomain functional decline appears to precede falls by several years and further worsens after fall events in older adults.

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Expanding the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease beyond maternal behaviors

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) research has long emphasized maternal pregnancy behaviors as key determinants of child health. In this Perspective, Alice Rhiannon Lee and colleague...

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Maternal congenital heart disease: Implications for the next generation

In this Perspective, Elisabeth Leirgul and Gottfried Greve discuss emerging evidence that as well as maternal congenital heart disease (CHD) being associated with pregnancy complications, there is als...

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The cancer survivorship paradox in the digital era

Many assumptions around patient needs and support guide current oncology practice and cancer survivorship care in the digital era. Addressing these assumptions and providing smarter, holistic, tech-en...

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Optimising scale-up of injectable lenacapavir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South Africa: A modelling study and economic evaluation

Author summary Why was this study done? Lenacapavir has shown remarkable efficacy in preventing HIV acquisition in clinical trials and recently became available in South Africa for early implementa...

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Whose fears count? Legitimacy, trust and viral outbreak responses after COVID-19

In this Editorial, Rebecca Grais outlines how COVID-19 transformed viral outbreak responses from a predominantly public health challenge into a political and security concern, highlighting the challen...

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Exploring parental prenatal influences on child health: A multicohort study and data visualisation tool

In this multi-cohort study, Gemma Sharp and colleagues analysed associations between parental behaviours and child health outcomes using four different cohorts, and generated a tool to visualize the r...

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Brain aging patterns among nine neurological disorders: A case-control study

In this case-control study, Chuang Liang and colleagues systematically compare brain aging patterns and biological processes across multiple common brain disorders.

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Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of peripheral artery disease: A cohort study

In this cohort study, Casey Crump and colleagues investigate whether adverse pregnancy outcomes increases the risk of peripheral artery disease in the mothers later in life using a Swedish national co...

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Assessing spatial transmission risk of respiratory infectious diseases across cities of different socioeconomic tiers in China: A modelling study

In a modelling study, Wenjie Li and colleagues investigate how respiratory infectious diseases spread across cities of different socioeconomic tiers by simulating the spatial diffusion of respiratory ...

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Progress and promise of CAR-T cell treatment in autoimmune diseases

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing cells bear a great potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this Perspective, Jule Bachl, Melanie Hagen, and George Schett discuss the challeng...

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Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after vacuum-assisted delivery: A population-based cohort study

Author summary Why was this study done? Despite widespread use of vacuum-assisted delivery (VAD), concerns remain regarding possible long-term neurodevelopmental consequences for children, particul...

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Work-family conflict and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dongyu Liu and colleagues perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of work-family conflict to examine associations with mental health impacts.

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Re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the post-elimination era

Measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases are re-emerging worldwide in locations where they were once eliminated. In this Perspective, Chirag Kumar and Nathan Lo outline how and why targeted poli...

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Self-explaining artificial intelligence for the classification of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A diagnostic decision support study

In this diagnostic decision support study, Michael C. Thrun and colleagues develop and validate Self-explaining artificial intelligence system (FlowXAI) for the classification of B cell non-Hodgkin ly...

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Genetic and sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of physical and mental health multimorbidity in a South Asian cohort in the UK: A multistate modelling analysis

In a multistate modelling analysis, Daniel Stow and colleagues investigate genetic and sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of physical and psychological multimorbidity in a South Asi...

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Compression therapies for venous leg ulcers: The VENous Ulcer Study 6 (VenUS 6), an open, multicentre, randomised clinical trial

In this open, multicentre, randomised clinical trial, Catherine Arundel and colleagues evaluate the clinical effectiveness of three venous leg ulcer treatments: compression wraps, two-layer compressio...

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How to benchmark medical AI agents

In this Perspective article, Silas Ruhrberg Estévez and colleagues discuss why, as medical AI research shifts toward multimodal large language model-based agents for complex clinical workflows, benchm...

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Hypertension and diabetes prevalence, associated factors, care cascade, and quality of life in older adults: A cross-sectional population-based study in The Gambia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

In a cross-sectional population-based study, Anthony Manyara and colleagues investigate the prevalence, associated factors, achievement of stages within the care cascade, and health-related quality of...

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Post-stroke acute heart failure in patients with large vessel occlusion undergoing endovascular treatment: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from multicenter studies with mediation analysis

In a pooled analysis of individual patient data, Liyuan Chen and colleagues find that post-stroke heart failure is associated with very poor outcome, and is linked to severity of cardioembolic stroke.

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Discordance in orphan drug approvals between the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency: A retrospective observational analysis

In a retrospective analysis, Jin Ding and colleagues explore the discrepancy in regulatory authorization of orphan drugs by U.S. and European regulatory agencies.

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Maternal congenital heart disease and risk of child developmental vulnerability in early school age: A population-based cohort study

In this population-based cohort study, Muhammad Hossin and colleagues assess developmental outcomes in children to assess whether maternal congenital heart disease is linked to increased risk of devel...

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Improving suicide prevention in men

Despite public health strategies focusing on men’s mental health and suicide risk, rates of suicide among men remain concerningly high. In this Editorial, Seena Fazel outlines why targeted, specialize...

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Accelerometry-measured prolonged and interrupted sedentary behavior and cancer incidence and mortality: A cohort study of 91,292 UK Biobank participants

In a prospective cohort study, Ziyi Zhou and colleagues use a machine learning approach to investigate the association between prolonged and interrupted sedentary behavior in relation to cancer outcom...

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Precision oncology’s translation gap—Can molecular tumor boards bridge it?

Molecular tumor boards translate complex genomic data to more effectively inform personalized care, and a new meta-analysis shows they boost clinical outcomes. In this Perspective, Margaret Byrne and ...

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Multilevel onsite training and mentorship model to accelerate early childhood cancer diagnosis in Northwest Ethiopia: A quasi-experimental mixed method study

In this quasi-experimental mixed method study, Mulugeta Ayalew Yimer and colleagues investigate if a multilevel onsite training and mentorship model could improve early recognition, referral practices...

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The well-worn path from armed conflict to measles resurgence

In this Perspective, José Hagan discusses how and why weakened immunization, surveillance, and socioeconomic resilience due to armed conflict increases measles risk during and after war, and outlines ...

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