Rob Waterhouse

@rmwaterhouse.bsky.social

Director, Environmental Bioinformatics Group at SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics @sib.swiss. Chair, European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA, @ergabiodiv.bsky.social). #biodiversity #genomics www.rmwaterhouse.org

We are delighted to announce the upcoming Gatersleben Research Conference “Genes, Chromosomes, and Genomes in Plants”, organized in partnership with the GPZ groups ‘Cytogenetics’ and ‘Genome Analysis’. When? November 3–5, 2027 Where? @leibnizipk.bsky.social, Germany Stay tuned for further updates!

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Comparing 6 independent assemblies, each W assembly is strikingly different, though the remainder of the genome is highly concordant. Presumably, these Ws are mis-assembled (again, this is HARD to do). If true in other species, it likely misleads comparative W analyses across Lepidoptera.

W chromosome alignment dotplots show striking differences between assemblies.

Nonetheless, these assemblies seem to accurately capture strikingly reduced diversity of repeats on the W, compared to the remainder of the genome. We confirmed this by analyzing "raw" reads directly, thus the result is not an artifact of mis-assembly.

Plots showing that W chromosome has reduced diversity of repeats in silkworm. Repeat landscapes show substitution levels of W is about half that of autosomes or Z chromosomes. Scatterplot of cumulative repeat length versus number of repeat families per chromosome indicates W is a strong low outlier, with many fewer families than other chromosomes for the same amount of repetitive DNA.

Every genome is a new window into biodiversity. Researchers generated a reference genome for Dailognatha quadricollis, an East Mediterranean darkling beetle, opening new opportunities to study evolution and adaptation. #LIBresearch © Bolanakis et al., CC BY | photo: Dr Apostolos Trichas 1/3

Dark beetle of the species Dailognatha quadricollis with four-segmented antennae and six legs, viewed from above on a light background.

We are very glad to hear that our coordination efforts for reference #genome production & use for #European #biodiversity is "changing how we do molecular evolution" 😀

Marc Robinson-Rechavi@marcrr.bsky.social · last mo.

My take-away from #SMBE2026 after 3 days: biodiversity genome projects such as Darwin Tree of Life @ergabiodiv.bsky.social @vertebrategenomes.bsky.social et al are no longer promises, but are changing how we do molecular evolution. I hope biodiversity gene expression will be next 😎 .

A wonderful escape to the mountains for our summer group outing ... hike up ⬆️⛰️, swim 🏊‍♂️, lunch 🧀🥪🥗, hike around the lake 🚶, swim 🏊, & hike down ⬇️⛰️

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New preprints! 2/3 Convergent gene family expansions and births with the evolution of metamorphosis in Pancrustacea. Led by Giulia Campli and @rmwaterhouse.bsky.social with @chipman-lab.bsky.social doi.org/10.64898/202...

Convergent gene family evolution underpins repeated transitions to metamorphic development across Pancrustacea

Arthropod developmental modes are highly diverse, ranging from direct development with little morphological change between moults to metamorphic life-stage progressions characterised by profound transformations. Metamorphosis can be defined as a post-embryonic life-stage progression event leading to adulthood that is characterised by major morphological changes and modifications of the adaptive landscape. Within this framework, we compare four independent evolutionary life history transitions to metamorphic development across Pancrustacea. Using a phylogenomic dataset of 54 species spanning 26 orders, we investigated gene family evolutionary dynamics associated with the inferred origins of metamorphosis in Insecta, Copepoda, Eucarida, and Thecostraca. Compared with non-metamorphic sister lineages as well as descendent and ancestral nodes, transitions to metamorphic development were consistently associated with elevated gene family births and expansions. Although these expansions predominantly involved different gene families in each lineage, they repeatedly converged on shared biological functions, particularly those related to embryonic and post-embryonic development, morphogenesis, nervous system differentiation, and other processes relevant to the biology and evolution of metamorphosis. Evolutionary modelling further identified a subset of gene families exhibiting adaptive, lineage-specific expansions, including genes implicated in neural and sensory development, segmentation, and moulting. Together, these findings support a model in which independent transitions to metamorphic development repeatedly recruited different components of a shared developmental toolkit, achieving functional convergence through distinct genetic trajectories. This reframes the arthropod moulting programme as an evolutionarily flexible developmental substrate whose repeated modification has facilitated the emergence of complex multi-phasic life histories and contributed to the extraordinary diversification of Pancrustacea. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Swiss National Science Foundation, 198691

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