Freedmen and Southern Society Project

@fssp.bsky.social

The Freedmen & Southern Society Project was established in 1976 to capture the essence of the profound social revolution of emancipation in the United States.

Amy Moore & her enslaved family were freed by the Union Army in Alabama, only to be arrested & sold as slaves behind Union lines. "We claim protection," Moore wrote in 1865, "under that [Emancipation] Proclamation from the fact of our living in one of the States mentioned in Said Proclamation."

Former Alabama Slave to the Freedmen's Bureau Superintendent of the Subdistrict of Louisville, August 14, 1865, Enclosing the Former Slave's Affidavit

freedmen.umd.edu

Amy Moore & her enslaved family were freed by the Union Army in Alabama, only to be arrested & sold as slaves behind Union lines. "We claim protection," Moore wrote in 1865, "under that [Emancipation] Proclamation from the fact of our living in one of the States mentioned in Said Proclamation."

Former Alabama Slave to the Freedmen's Bureau Superintendent of the Subdistrict of Louisville, August 14, 1865, Enclosing the Former Slave's Affidavit

freedmen.umd.edu

After the police chief in Columbia, SC murdered a Black resident in cold blood, an anonymous Black woman wrote to the govt in May 1866: "Our friends in Congress are wasting time & breath, & all the bills they may pass, will do us no good, unless men are sent here that will see these laws enforced."

Screenshot from an anonymous letter to the head of the Freedmen's Bureau in South Carolina:

"It is hard I tell you. Our friends in Congress are wasting time & breath, & all the bills they may pass, will do us no good, unless men are sent here that will see these laws enforced."

From the archive, Black education was under assault from its earliest origins after emancipation: "A very respectable young colored Female, teacher of the colored School near Vienna Dorchester Co md. was assaulted on the road near the school House by a white man named Cyrus Stack."

Photo of a handwritten letter:

Cambridge March 6th 1866
To Maj. Genl. Howard
Dear Sir
You will please excuse
me for the liberty I take, in presenting to
your consideration a case which recently
occured in our County, A very respectable
young colored Female, teacher of the colored
School near Vienna Dorchester Co md. was
assaulted on the road near the school House
by a white man named Cyrus Stack, and
knocked down, remaining for sometime in
an insensible state! There was an other
white man near by, but he "didn't see" it
of course. Our state laws afford no protection
to this class of people, and the failure
of the "Freedman's bureau bill" leaves
them in a pitiable state indeed.
Can anything be done for them?
very truly yours,
John G. Robinson
School Commission 3d Dist
Dorchester Co Md

After emancipation, Black schoolteacher & future Alabama state legislator William V. Turner reported to the Freedmen's Bureau that local officials were illegally withholding food assistance from Black mothers, telling them it "is not for negroes, but for the poor white women."

Alabama Black Teacher to the Alabama Freedmen's Bureau Superintendent of Education, February 5, 1867; and Headquarters of the Alabama Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner to the Government Relief ...

freedmen.umd.edu

“…the longor you keep my Child from me the longor you will have to burn in hell and the qwicer youll get their…” Spotswood Rice, a Black soldier in the US Army, to a Missouri woman who held his daughter in slavery, #otd 1864

that the longor you keep my Child from me the longor you will have to burn in hell and the qwicer youll get their for

As we begin the 1st few weeks of classes, a reminder that FSSP hosts a large collection of classroom-ready documents related to slavery & its destruction. These first-hand testimonies of enslaved people, Black soldiers, & officials give life to lessons on slavery & the contested arc of emancipation.

Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Selected Documents

A selection of documents from Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867

freedmen.umd.edu

After emancipation, Elizabeth Weden, who was sold away from her family in 1845, managed to locate her father, writing that "I am at this place trying to do the best I can for my self. times are harde here & money scearse. I wish to leve this place, & move out to whare you are."

Alabama Freedwoman to Her Father in Virginia, January 18, 1867; and Freedmen's Bureau Superintendent for Alexandria and Fairfax Counties, Virginia, to the Headquarters of the Freedmen's Bureau Assista...

freedmen.umd.edu

After emancipation, Elizabeth Weden, who was sold away from her family in 1845, managed to locate her father, writing that "I am at this place trying to do the best I can for my self. times are harde here & money scearse. I wish to leve this place, & move out to whare you are."

Alabama Freedwoman to Her Father in Virginia, January 18, 1867; and Freedmen's Bureau Superintendent for Alexandria and Fairfax Counties, Virginia, to the Headquarters of the Freedmen's Bureau Assista...

freedmen.umd.edu