Janet Song

@janetsong.bsky.social

Assistant Professor at Harvard HEB | Genetic basis of human evolution with a neuro focus | janetsonglab.com

Live on bioRxiv🎉🧬🧠! We @BhaduriLab use perturb-seq in human cortical tissues to make sense of the shifting molecular trajectories that form the human prefrontal cortex. (1/7) www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

Intrinsic coordination of dynamic molecular signatures shape the human prefrontal cortex

The cerebral cortex drives human cognition through the coordinated activity of discrete cortical areas, each harboring specialized molecular, structural and functional characteristics. Central to this organization is the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a hub for executive function that displays disproportionate expansion in humans and selective vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous work has identified a collection of PFC-enriched marker genes with dynamic expression trajectories, and re-analysis of these datasets converge these markers into 18 distinct molecular signatures of spatiotemporal PFC identity. However, the intrinsic gene networks that coordinate these molecular signatures to shape the human PFC remains unclear. Through pooled CRISPR activation screens in human primary cortical tissues, we have evaluated the ability of PFC-enriched transcription factors to intrinsically pattern PFC molecular identity. Our screens identify novel roles for the neurogenesis regulator, YBX1, in the activation of human PFC fate. In parallel screens and knock-down experiments in human cortical organoids, we define how YBX1 acts in concert with other PFC determinants to activate molecular signatures of PFC identity. Our findings support a model in which PFC patterning is orchestrated by cohorts of intrinsic determinants that initiate, potentiate, and modulate PFC gene signatures, conferring robustness to the development of the human PFC. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. NIH, R00NS111731, R01MH132689, UM1MH130991, RF1MH132662, U24HG002371 Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, https://ror.org/03a63f080, Young Investigator Award Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, https://ror.org/052csg198, Sloan Fellowship Rose Hills Foundation, Innovation Award Esther A. & Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship Simons Foundation, https://ror.org/01cmst727, Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship Ablon Trust, Ablon Scholar Award Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA Zamenhof Scholarship UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine, Innovation Award, Stem Cell Research Training Program University of California, Los Angeles, https://ror.org/046rm7j60, Eugene V. Cota-Robles Award California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, https://ror.org/033m8b439, DISC0-14514, DISC4-16337 National Science Foundation, Graduate Research Fellowship Program

biorxiv.org

Posting for Vibhu Sahni: Due to unforeseen circumstances the Burke Neurological Institute will have to terminate its research operations 5/22. There are international postdocs on visas who are looking for new homes. Please reach out to Vibhu if you can help

🧠🌟🐭 Excited to share some of my postdoc work on the evolution of dexterity! We compared deer mice evolved in forest vs prairie habitats. We found that forest mice have: (1) more corticospinal neurons (CSNs) (2) better hand dexterity (3) more dexterous climbing, which is linked to CSN number🧵

bioRxiv Neuroscience@biorxiv-neursci.bsky.social · 10mo ago

Evolutionary expansion of the corticospinal system is linked to dexterity in Peromyscus mice https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682851v1

Meet our 2025 cohort of Next Generation Leaders! For the next 3 years, they will network with other rising stars, participate in professional development, and share their ideas for future research directions.

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Today in @nature.com, we present our work leveraging functional genomics and human blastoids to uncover a human-specific mechanism in preimplantation development driven by the endogenous retrovirus HERVK. Special thanks to the reviewers whose comments improved our manuscript a lot! rdcu.be/eI3tD

A human-specific regulatory mechanism revealed in a pre-implantation model

Nature - Genetic manipulation of blastoids reveals the role of recently emerged transposable elements and genes in human development.

rdcu.be

Extremely excited to share that I’m joining Columbia University @columbiauniversity.bsky.social as an Assistant Professor! We will explore how the mobile genome works—how transposons shape us, our DNA and how they can be harnessed to build useful technologies. #NewPI #RNAsky #TEsky thawanilab.org

The Thawani Lab at Columbia University

The Thawani Lab at Columbia University describing their research on mobile genome, cryo-electron microscopy and genome engineering

thawanilab.org

“I would like to cure brain cancer. I think that's not particularly controversial.” Be that as it may, the NIH terminated that scientist's grant. Here's a huge survey of the 2,500 grants that NIH has killed or delayed...so far. Gift link: nyti.ms/43Jz1yJ

A chart showing cancelled NIH grants

We just posted two preprints on uncovering the genetic bases of species-specific differences in neural progenitors, excitatory neurons, and upon neuronal stimulation using the human-chimpanzee tetraploid system. Please check them out! www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Human-chimpanzee tetraploid system defines mechanisms of species-specific neural gene regulation

A major challenge in human evolutionary biology is to pinpoint genetic differences that underlie human-specific traits, such as increased neuron number and differences in cognitive behaviors. We used human-chimpanzee tetraploid cells to distinguish gene expression changes due to cis -acting sequence variants that change local gene regulation, from trans expression changes due to species differences in the cellular environment. In neural progenitor cells, examination of both cis and trans changes – combined with CRISPR inhibition and transcription factor motif analyses – identified cis -acting, species-specific gene regulatory changes, including to TNIK , FOSL2 , and MAZ , with widespread trans effects on neurogenesis-related gene programs. In excitatory neurons, we identified POU3F2 as a key cis -regulated gene with trans effects on synaptic gene expression and neuronal firing. This study identifies cis -acting genomic changes that cause cascading trans gene regulatory effects to contribute to human neural specializations, and provides a general framework for discovering genetic differences underlying human traits. ### Competing Interest Statement C.A.W. is on the SAB of Bioskyrb Genomics (cash, equity) and Mosaica Therapeutics (cash, equity), and is an advisor to Maze Therapeutics (equity), but these have no relevance to this work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

biorxiv.org