Encyclical Letter of His Holiness Leo XIV Magnifica Humanitas (15 May 2026)

ENCYCLICAL LETTER MAGNIFICA HUMANITAS OF HIS HOLINESS POPE LEO XIV ON SAFEGUARDING THE HUMAN PERSON IN THE TIME OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE [ Multimedia ] ___________________________

vatican.va

BPS Publications

Background and Purpose The neural mechanisms underlying effects of acute stress on memory are poorly understood. We demonstrated previously that acute stress produces identical spatial memory defici.....

bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Prefrontal to ventral tegmental area dynamics drive contingency degradation - Nature

This work provides a mechanistic understanding of how certain prefrontal circuits in the rodent brain permit flexibility to selectively stop learned behaviours through interactions with core subcortic...

nature.com

AI is not a peer, so it can’t do peer review

If we still believe that science is a vocation grounded in argument, curiosity and care, we can’t delegate judgement to machines, says Akhil Bhardwaj

timeshighereducation.com

Job Details

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Predictive coding of reward in the hippocampus - Nature

Calcium imaging of mouse hippocampal neurons while mice learn a reward-based task over several weeks provides insight into the evolution of the hippocampal reward representation during extended periods of experience.

go.nature.com

Dorsal striatal dopamine integrates sensory and reward prediction errors to guide perceptual decisions

Perceptual decisions are shaped by expectations about sensory stimuli and rewards, learned through sensory and reward prediction errors. Dopamine is known to convey reward prediction errors that shape...

biorxiv.org

Positive reward prediction errors during decision-making strengthen memory encoding - Nature Human Behaviour

Jang and colleagues show that positive reward prediction errors elicited during incidental encoding enhance the formation of episodic memories.

nature.com

Meet the Group Breaking People Out of AI Delusions

In this Discord server, people impacted by AI delusions and psychosis share their experiences — and even help users out of delusional spells.

futurism.com

Estrogen modulates reward prediction errors and reinforcement learning - Nature Neuroscience

Dopamine encoding of reward prediction errors naturally fluctuates over females’ reproductive cycles with estrogenic signaling due to reduced expression of dopamine reuptake proteins.

nature.com

Subsecond dopamine fluctuations do not specify the vigor of ongoing actions

Nature Neuroscience - Liu and colleagues show that the vigor (that is, speed and amplitude) of dexterous movements is not controlled by ongoing fluctuations in extracellular dopamine within the...

rdcu.be

Functional specialisation of multisensory temporal integration in the mouse superior colliculus - Nature Communications

Whether and how anatomically distinct regions of the superior colliculus (SC) exhibit specialisation in multisensory temporal integration to facilitate different behavioural responses are not fully un...

nature.com

Hippocampus supports multi-task reinforcement learning under partial observability - Nature Communications

Neural mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning in naturalistic environments are not fully understood. Here authors show that reinforcement learning (RL) agents with hippocampal-like recurrence, u...

nature.com

Serial Ketamine Infusions for Depression

This randomized clinical trial evaluates outcomes following adjunctive ketamine infusions vs midazolam for depression.

jamanetwork.com

The effects of antidepressants on cardiometabolic and other physiological parameters: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

We found strong evidence that antidepressants differ markedly in their physiological effects, particularly for cardiometabolic parameters. Treatment guidelines should be updated to reflect differences...

thelancet.com

A framework for advancing mechanistic neuro-behavioral biomarkers in psychiatry

Neuropsychiatry has yet to surmount the fundamental challenge of mapping behavioral pathology to its underlying neural pathology. This gap limits the development of treatments for specific circuit pat...

biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com

Desensitization of opsin responses during all-optical interrogation depends on imaging parameters

Significance The combination of two-photon calcium imaging and two-photon optogenetic stimulation, termed all-optical interrogation, provides spatial and temporal precision when recording and manipula...

biorxiv.org

Genetic therapies for neurological diseases

Often, gene therapy reviews concentrate upon specific therapeutic modalities – particularly either viral vector-mediated or a non-viral approach. Here, we draw together a comprehensive array of knowle...

pharmrev.aspetjournals.org

UCL – University College London

UCL is consistently ranked as one of the top ten universities in the world (QS World University Rankings 2010-2022) and is No.2 in the UK for research power (Research Excellence Framework 2021).

rb.gy

UCL – University College London

UCL is consistently ranked as one of the top ten universities in the world (QS World University Rankings 2010-2022) and is No.2 in the UK for research power (Research Excellence Framework 2021).

ucl.ac.uk

Corticonigral projections recruit substantia nigra pars lateralis dopaminergic neurons for auditory threat memories - Nature Communications

The roles of distinct dopaminergic neuron subpopulations and the circuit projections driving their activity during threat behaviors remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that substantia nigra pars lateralis dopamine neurons receive selective, robust excitation from auditory and temporal association cortices, which, combined with rapid action potential firing, contributes to auditory threat conditioning.

nature.com

Individual differences in decision-making shape how mesolimbic dopamine regulates choice confidence and change-of-mind - Nature Neuroscience

Differences in neuroeconomic decision-making influence nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics and reflect choice confidence during evaluation, as well as past and future value during re-evaluation, which...

nature.com

Prefrontal contribution to passive coping behaviour in chronic stress and treatment by fast-acting antidepressant - Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology - Prefrontal contribution to passive coping behaviour in chronic stress and treatment by fast-acting antidepressant

nature.com

Disruption of hippocampal-prefrontal neural dynamics and risky decision-making in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Kim et al. show that 5XFAD mice exhibit persistent risk-taking and reduced behavioral flexibility in naturalistic “approach food-avoid predator” foraging paradigms. Simultaneous neural recordings reve...

cell.com