Remember, both the Iliad and the Odyssey were originally audiobooks.
Johan Schalin
@schaljoh.bsky.social
PhD, nordiska språk, phonology, etymologi, East Nordic, Finnic, lainasanatutkimus, dialektologi, diachronic linguistics, ortnamn/paikannimet, Northwest Semitic, Catalan. Researcher affiliated with @utu.fi #langsky
Our spelling mistakes are *fixing* English. New episode with Danny Bate, author of "Why Q Needs U" Get it in all the podcast places. becauselanguage.com/141-why-q-ne... @dannybate.com @blinkbooks.bsky.social
30) Fi. Kerava -Sw.Kervo Kervo 1443, Kerffwo 1539, Kerffuo 1553 A village name at the border of the Fi/Sw speech areas, with a Finnish origin but first attestations in Swedish. It has been hypothesised that the stem KerA/Ä- is the same as in the Finnish word for "þing", meaning 'assembly, counsel'👇
29) Fi. Rauma -Sw.Raumo The Swedish name (Raumo 1442) is a medieval scribal adaption of the Finnish name (Rawma 1449): dialect speakers would have nativised the diphthong into öu or ou, as other examples show. The third oldest town on our list so far, only (nr 6) Turku and (nr 18) Borgå are older👇
This is a high quality music video with subtitles, but it opens in a browser. #langsky
Meawhile in Stockholm 🤓. Jakob Norrgård from Vörå, Ostrobothnia, Finland, performs the aria Nessun Dorma in his (quite archaic Swedish) Vörå dialect (re:subtitles). The syllables follow the Italian original closely, but the text tells a whole different mundane story 🤣. www.svtplay.se/klipp/KPBArG...
This is a high quality music video with subtitles, but it opens in a browser. #langsky
Meawhile in Stockholm 🤓. Jakob Norrgård from Vörå, Ostrobothnia, Finland, performs the aria Nessun Dorma in his (quite archaic Swedish) Vörå dialect (re:subtitles). The syllables follow the Italian original closely, but the text tells a whole different mundane story 🤣. www.svtplay.se/klipp/KPBArG...
Meawhile in Stockholm 🤓. Jakob Norrgård from Vörå, Ostrobothnia, Finland, performs the aria Nessun Dorma in his (quite archaic Swedish) Vörå dialect (re:subtitles). The syllables follow the Italian original closely, but the text tells a whole different mundane story 🤣. www.svtplay.se/klipp/KPBArG...
Allsång på Skansen – Jakob Norrgård - Nissan Bromsa
Jakob Norrgård från musikgruppen KAJ framför låten Nissan Bromsa i Allsång på Skansen.
svtplay.se
29) Fi. Rauma -Sw.Raumo The Swedish name (Raumo 1442) is a medieval scribal adaption of the Finnish name (Rawma 1449): dialect speakers would have nativised the diphthong into öu or ou, as other examples show. The third oldest town on our list so far, only (nr 6) Turku and (nr 18) Borgå are older👇
28) Sw.Kyrkslätt -Fi.Kirkkonummi Kirkeslæth, Kyrkioslæth 1330, Kirkensleth, Kyrkeslete 1335; Kirckeslätt 1472. Medieval municipality 35km west of Helsinki meaning 'Church plain' in Swedish. The name was transferred from the church site/village before historical times.👇
28) Sw.Kyrkslätt -Fi.Kirkkonummi Kirkeslæth, Kyrkioslæth 1330, Kirkensleth, Kyrkeslete 1335; Kirckeslätt 1472. Medieval municipality 35km west of Helsinki meaning 'Church plain' in Swedish. The name was transferred from the church site/village before historical times.👇
27) Fi.Tuusula -Sw.Tusby Originally a village name in Sibbo parish just on the Finnish-speaking side of the language border. Thusby 1443, Tusby 1540, Tvsby 1543, Tusula 1553. Own parish with the same name 1643. The first part is a Low German man's name "Dose" adapted into Finnish as Tuusa/Tuusu.
27) Fi.Tuusula -Sw.Tusby Originally a village name in Sibbo parish just on the Finnish-speaking side of the language border. Thusby 1443, Tusby 1540, Tvsby 1543, Tusula 1553. Own parish with the same name 1643. The first part is a Low German man's name "Dose" adapted into Finnish as Tuusa/Tuusu.
25) Fi.Lohja -Sw.Lojo Lohia 1382, Lohio 1382, Loijo 1382?, Lojo 1384. This name sticks out in that already the first two attestations look more Finnish than Swedish. The vowel in Swedish has participated in the vowel shift around the year 1400, which proves it was already lengthened in 1384 👇
25) Fi.Lohja -Sw.Lojo Lohia 1382, Lohio 1382, Loijo 1382?, Lojo 1384. This name sticks out in that already the first two attestations look more Finnish than Swedish. The vowel in Swedish has participated in the vowel shift around the year 1400, which proves it was already lengthened in 1384 👇
24) Fi.Järvenpää -Sw.Träskända Treskendaby 1540, Treskenda 1547, Järffuepä 1553. The village (town from 1952) once was part of Sibbo parish centred in a Swedish-speaking area, but the Swedish name translates the Finnish name: ‘lake’s end’. The composer Jean Sibelius lived there from 1904 to 1957.
An interesting case regarding ā-ending names pops up in languages like Marathi, Punjabi and Hindi-Urdu. Sanskrit final vowels, including -ā, have long disappeared in these languages. Instead, the modern synchronic feminine ending is -ī (< Skt. -ikā). Its masculine counterpart is -ā (< Skt. -aka-).
A pattern among women's names gave me a reason to dig very deep into linguistic prehistory, lost grammar and language's arbitrariness. These rank among my favourite interests, along with 1990s pop music. Put them all together, and I can offer you this long read: dannybate.com/2026/02/19/m...
The word ‘quick’ has surprising relatives. It’s related to ‘vital’, ‘vivid’, and Spanish ‘vivir’ (to live) via Latin, and to ‘bio-‘ and ‘zoo’ via Ancient Greek. Germanic relatives include Dutch ‘kweken’ (to grow; to foster) and German ‘keck’ (sassy). Click my new graphic to learn all about it:
24) Fi.Järvenpää -Sw.Träskända Treskendaby 1540, Treskenda 1547, Järffuepä 1553. The village (town from 1952) once was part of Sibbo parish centred in a Swedish-speaking area, but the Swedish name translates the Finnish name: ‘lake’s end’. The composer Jean Sibelius lived there from 1904 to 1957.
23) Fi.Hyvinkää -Sw.Hyvinge Originally a Finnish village name, Höffinga 1495, Hyffuinga 1539, Hyvinkä 1545. It became a municipality only in 1926, around a population concentration by a railway junction. The name likely contains a man's name *Hyvinkä, formed with a suffix to an adjective hyvä 'good'
23) Fi.Hyvinkää -Sw.Hyvinge Originally a Finnish village name, Höffinga 1495, Hyffuinga 1539, Hyvinkä 1545. It became a municipality only in 1926, around a population concentration by a railway junction. The name likely contains a man's name *Hyvinkä, formed with a suffix to an adjective hyvä 'good'
22) Fi.Kokkola -Sw.(Gamla)Karleby Originally two different names; both being used in both languages. Sw. Gamble Carleby (attested ca. 1614) was a parish name. Sw. Kockola was a village-level name of Finnish origin. Attested in Swedish: ”Kåcholaby Utij Gambla Karleby sochen” 1619, ”Kåckola by” 1620👇🏻
Wie schön: ein neuer Asterix-Band! Und dieser sogar mit aktuellen Bezügen. Das wird Elon und Mark freuen. Interessant ist auch, dass dieser Comic in über 100 Sprachen und Dialekte übersetzt wurde, darunter z.B. Hessisch, Pfälzisch, aber auch Grondspraatsi www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/asterix-band...
22) Fi.Kokkola -Sw.(Gamla)Karleby Originally two different names; both being used in both languages. Sw. Gamble Carleby (attested ca. 1614) was a parish name. Sw. Kockola was a village-level name of Finnish origin. Attested in Swedish: ”Kåcholaby Utij Gambla Karleby sochen” 1619, ”Kåckola by” 1620👇🏻
20) Fi=Sw Salo Medieval village name, meaning ”island”. This church in Uskela parish was built on a peninsula. ‼️‼️In line with the aim of this thread, namely to analyse the relation of the Finnish and Swedish names, I will from now on (otherwise move in order of size) skip towns with identical names.
20) Fi=Sw Salo Medieval village name, meaning ”island”. This church in Uskela parish was built on a peninsula. ‼️‼️In line with the aim of this thread, namely to analyse the relation of the Finnish and Swedish names, I will from now on (otherwise move in order of size) skip towns with identical names.
19) Fi. Mikkeli -Sw.S:t Michel The name of the medieval parish Fi.Savilahti (<Savilaksi) -Sw.Savolax changed name in the 17th century after the main church dedicated to Saint Michael. The old parish name is still visible on the province’s name: Fi.Savo -Sw.Savolax
Based on the chain of naming, this effectively excludes this fortification to be the naming basis of the creek; the dating can be reverse engineered: The parish is named 'castle creek' by the late 13th century, The creek is named 1-2 generations earlier, The castle must stand in place yet earlier! 👇
19) Fi. Mikkeli -Sw.S:t Michel The name of the medieval parish Fi.Savilahti (<Savilaksi) -Sw.Savolax changed name in the 17th century after the main church dedicated to Saint Michael. The old parish name is still visible on the province’s name: Fi.Savo -Sw.Savolax
Sw.Borgå -Fi.Porvoo Name of medieval parish and second oldest town in Finland. Borga 1327, Borgha 1335, Borgå 1408. "Borgh" means 'castle' and a>å means creek. In an old adaption Finnish substitutes -gh- with the fricative -v- in a labial context. AKA as "Bori" & "Porin kaupunki" in Finnish in 1787👇
Sw.Borgå -Fi.Porvoo Name of medieval parish and second oldest town in Finland. Borga 1327, Borgha 1335, Borgå 1408. "Borgh" means 'castle' and a>å means creek. In an old adaption Finnish substitutes -gh- with the fricative -v- in a labial context. AKA as "Bori" & "Porin kaupunki" in Finnish in 1787👇
17) Fi. = Sw. Rovaniemi "Ruanim" 1490, "Roanemi by" 1559 (village name). Parish from early 17th Century. In northern Finland many names include a Saami loanword "rova" 'burnt clearing'. In some cases rova-names may themselves be of Saami origin, but if so here, the "niemi"-part would be translated.
And borrowed into Sámi with semantic shifts in Finnmark and further east en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nuorta#...
nuorta - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
en.wiktionary.org
/θ/ (now merged into /tʰ/) persisted in Söl'ring (Sylt Frisian) till the early 1800s. One of the words we have recorded with the fricative appears to be ‘methinks’. :)
17) Fi. = Sw. Rovaniemi "Ruanim" 1490, "Roanemi by" 1559 (village name). Parish from early 17th Century. In northern Finland many names include a Saami loanword "rova" 'burnt clearing'. In some cases rova-names may themselves be of Saami origin, but if so here, the "niemi"-part would be translated.
16) Seinäjoki First attestation (of the village) 1571, became a parish 1863. Commonly suggested to have had a Swedish name ”Östermyra”. Yet, this is a half-truth. That name has been carried by a nearby iron works from 1798, by an adjacent estate and briefly by a train station in the 1880ies👇🏻
16) Seinäjoki First attestation (of the village) 1571, became a parish 1863. Commonly suggested to have had a Swedish name ”Östermyra”. Yet, this is a half-truth. That name has been carried by a nearby iron works from 1798, by an adjacent estate and briefly by a train station in the 1880ies👇🏻
15) Fi.Hämeenlinna -Sw-Tavastehus The names are translation correlates for each other and are documented together in both languages 1413 ”Tavastehus heter Hemelinda". Häme is (today) primarily a toponym and a person is "hämäläinen", Tavast is primarily an ethnonym and the province is Tavastland 👇
15) Fi.Hämeenlinna -Sw-Tavastehus The names are translation correlates for each other and are documented together in both languages 1413 ”Tavastehus heter Hemelinda". Häme is (today) primarily a toponym and a person is "hämäläinen", Tavast is primarily an ethnonym and the province is Tavastland 👇
14) Fi.Vaasa -Sw.Vasa Founded 1606 as Sw.Mussar stad and renamed Vasa in 1611. The name Mussor (Mussar) derives from Fi.Mustasaari, which in both languages was the name of the (predominantly Swedish-speaking) parish around Vasa until the 20th century👇🏻
14) Fi.Vaasa -Sw.Vasa Founded 1606 as Sw.Mussar stad and renamed Vasa in 1611. The name Mussor (Mussar) derives from Fi.Mustasaari, which in both languages was the name of the (predominantly Swedish-speaking) parish around Vasa until the 20th century👇🏻
13) Fi.Lappeenranta -Sw.Villmanstrand The town was founded in 1652 by the marketplace of Lapp(w)e[e]strand [Lappvedenstrand] in the Parish of Lappee (<Lappvesi). "Lappi" means 'Saami', Finnish "vesi" declined "ve(d)e-" means 'water; lake', "strand" is Swedish for 'shore'. 👇
13) Fi.Lappeenranta -Sw.Villmanstrand The town was founded in 1652 by the marketplace of Lapp(w)e[e]strand [Lappvedenstrand] in the Parish of Lappee (<Lappvesi). "Lappi" means 'Saami', Finnish "vesi" declined "ve(d)e-" means 'water; lake', "strand" is Swedish for 'shore'. 👇
11) Joensuu 12) Kouvola Both places only have Finnish names, which are used unadapted in Swedish. Joensuu is a young (1848) town and its name was first instable, with longer versions such as Karjalan Joensuu & Pieleisjoensuun kaupunki. The village of Kouvola "Kouwolaby" has a name attested 1458 👇
11) Joensuu 12) Kouvola Both places only have Finnish names, which are used unadapted in Swedish. Joensuu is a young (1848) town and its name was first instable, with longer versions such as Karjalan Joensuu & Pieleisjoensuun kaupunki. The village of Kouvola "Kouwolaby" has a name attested 1458 👇
10) Fi Pori - Sw Björneborg First attestations Biorneborg & Biörnnborgh 1563 (the town was founded 1558). Attestations in Finnish maintained the longer name (Biörnboris) until 1750. "Bori > Pori" came into use before the end of the century (Borin kaupungi 1787).👇