Individually redundant effectors are collectively required for bacterial pathogen virulence

Abstract. Host specificity of a plant pathogen is defined by its effector complement. However, it remains unclear whether the full complement is required f

academic.oup.com

Ancient MAX Effector Variants of a Fungal Pathogen Evade Apoplastic Immunity in Apple

Venturia inaequalis is an Ascomycota fungus responsible for apple scab, the main disease in apple orchards. During infection, the pathogen colonizes the subcuticular space and secretes hundreds of eff...

biorxiv.org

Molecular Investigation of Rlm3 From Rapeseed as a Potential Broad‐Spectrum Resistance Gene Against Fungal Pathogens Producing Structurally Conserved Effectors

AvrLm3 and structural analogues from the multipathogen LARS family trigger recognition by Rlm3 from rapeseed, that recognition being abolished by the presence of AvrLm4-7 or mutation of key amino aci...

bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Conserved 'late' effector genes from Leptosphaeria maculans inducing gene-for-gene quantitative resistance in Brassica napus semi-winter genotypes

Leptosphaeria maculans is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for stem canker on Brassica napus . Its infectious cycle goes through an early phase of leaf infection and a late phase of colonization a...

biorxiv.org

The fungal effector AvrStb6 regulates the wheat pathobiome

Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of the foliar disease Septoria tritici blotch (STB), is a major wheat pathogen in Europe. Although several wheat resistance (R) genes have been identified, Z. tr...

zenodo.org

Zymoseptoria tritici Show Local Differences in Within-Field Diversity and Effector Variation

apsjournals.apsnet.org

Structure‐guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors

Phytopathogenic fungi cause enormous yield losses in many crops, threatening both agricultural production and global food security. To infect plants, they secrete effectors targeting various cellular...

nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Use their names: there are no basal, lower, or early diverging fungi

Fungal biologists have embraced phylogenies for understanding the biology of this diverse group in an evolutionary framework. In an attempt to highlight lineages of fungi that are distinct from the...

tandfonline.com

Evolution of a vascular plant pathogen is associated with the loss of CRISPR-Cas and an increase in genome plasticity and virulence genes

Paauw et al. report on the evolution of a plant pathogenic Xanthomonas pathovar and show that the gain of mobile genetic elements and virulence factors coincided with the loss of the CRISPR-Cas genome...

cell.com

Molecular investigation of Rlm3 from rapeseed as a broad-spectrum resistance gene against fungal pathogens producing structurally conserved effectors

Recognition of a pathogen avirulence (AVR) effector protein by its cognate plant resistance (R) protein triggers immune responses that render the plant resistant, representing an efficient disease con...

biorxiv.org

Starship giant transposons dominate plastic genomic regions in a fungal plant pathogen and drive virulence evolution

Starships form a recently discovered superfamily of giant transposons in Pezizomycotina fungi, implicated in mediating horizontal transfer of diverse cargo genes between fungal genomes. Their elusive nature has long obscured their significance, and their impact on genome evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal a surprising abundance and diversity of Starships in the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. Remarkably, Starships dominate the plastic genomic compartments involved in host colonization, are enriched in virulence-associated genes, and exhibit genetic and epigenetic characteristics associated with adaptive genome evolution. We further uncover extensive horizontal transfer of Starships between Verticillium species and, strikingly, from distantly related Fusarium fungi. Finally, we demonstrate how Starship activity facilitated the de novo formation of a novel virulence gene. Our findings illuminate the profound influence of Starship dynamics on fungal genome evolution and the development of virulence. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

doi.org

The Hansen's baccata #2 gene Rvi12_Cd5 confers scab resistance to the susceptible apple cultivar “Gala Galaxy”

A new apple scab resistance gene was characterized. It may be a valuable resource for both breeders and scientists, to produce new apple cultivars that are naturally resistant to this dangerous patho...

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Sequential breakdown of the Cf‐9 leaf mould resistance locus in tomato by Fulvia fulva

<em>New Phytologist</em> is an international journal owned by the New Phytologist Foundation publishing original research in plant science and its applications.

nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com