KIM-1

@kim-6502.bsky.social

The KIM-1 and classic 6502 related topics. Zero page FTW!

Yeah. They must have all been asleep that day.. I was sure someone was going to point out that the CPU is a 6510, not a 6502. Though the assembly one would be contemplating would be 6502. (I'm trying to be inclusive.) 😋

A MOS 6510 CPU, as one would find in a C64 computer. 😎

Just spending some time out in the garden. Contemplating the meaning of 6502. 🤓 (Waiting for the internet to point out to me things they think I don't know, in 3.. 2.. 1..) 😉

A Windows laptop, out on the garden table, emulating a C64, with it's beastie 6510 CPU — essentially a 6502 with some bank-switching. 😊

In 1980, Intel introduced the 8087 floating-point coprocessor chip. Plugging this chip into your IBM PC made math 100 times faster, good for CAD and spreadsheets. I opened up the chip to reverse-engineer exactly how it does complicated calculations. Let's take a look inside...

The integrated circuit is a black ceramic rectangle with 40 metal pins sticking out, in two rows. (This is known as a DIP, a Dual Inline Package.) It has three rows of text: "D8087-1", a cryptic version label, and then the copyright line with a big lower-case I, INTEL m c 1980 1984. The m and c are in circles for the mask-work symbol and the copyright symbol. The chip has a small semicircular notch on the left side, indicating its orientation. The package consists of two thin ceramic layers, bonded together with a gray substance; the metal pins stick out from this gray substance. The ceramic package is important to me because tapping the gray layer with a chisel will cause the two layers to separate, revealing the silicon die inside. In contrast, most chips are in epoxy packages, which are very difficult to open, usually requiring strong acids.

MICROCALCULATOR MODEL-85 A board that serves as a calculator accessible via a parallel 8 bit port, e.g. from a KIM-1. Send commands and read the calculated results. Made by Artisan Electronics in 1977. Acquired August 2026, as built in a KIM-1 with KIMSI system

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Bill Mensch designed the 65C02 at Western Design Center in 1983. He fixed the indirect jump bug, added new addressing modes, and made all the undefined opcodes into well-behaved NOPs instead of chaos generators. He also cut the power consumption dramatically. The 65C02 is still in production today.

Self-modifying code was not a hack on the 6502, it was a legit design pattern. With only three registers and no block move instruction, the fastest way to copy memory was to write the source and destination addresses directly into the operand bytes of LDA and STA instructions inside your own loop.

The Rockwell AIM-65, because my dad worked for their semiconductor division (Rockwell was an odd conglomerate that built everything from table saws to the Space Shuttle); it had *just* enough to run a BASIC interpreter on a 6502. Then he got a new job and we went normie with an Apple II Plus.

Rockwell AIM-65 -- one circuit board with a 6502 microprocessor, a 20-column alphanumeric LED display, and a 20-column thermal printer for output. A keyboard is attached via a ribbon cable. It was sold as a bare board; owners would often build their own custom case for it.Picture of an Apple ][ Plus computer.