Maxwell Shafer

@maxshafer.bsky.social

Assistant Professor UofT Cell & Systems Biology - 🐟🐠🐡 comparative genomics/ethology & evolutionary cell biology of sleep 💤 😴 + adventures with @hilsawh - https://shafer-lab.netlify.app/

How can a shared developmental programme generate the extraordinary diversity of teleost fishes? Our study suggests that the answer lies in the combination of conservation of network architecture, coupled with evolutionary flexibility in gene copy number. (1/8) doi.org/10.64898/202...

An evolvable and functionally partitioned network underlies developmental remodelling in teleosts

Comparative embryology has revealed that early animal development is based on highly conserved genetic programs. Beyond embryogenesis however, animals undergo remarkably diverse post-embryonic developmental transitions such as metamorphosis. Whether these transitions are also organised into conserved genetic programs remains largely unexplored. To identify conserved genetic programs underlying post-embryonic development, we examine metamorphic remodelling in five teleost fishes, spanning 200 million years of evolution. By integrating comparative co-expression networks, evolutionary genomics, phylogenetic modelling, and functional data in zebrafish, we uncovered a conserved post-embryonic developmental network. This conserved network comprises components involved in core cellular processes, and involved in development and physiology, both of which are under the control of thyroid hormone during metamorphosis. Despite evolutionary conservation at the coding sequence level, this network exhibits significant turnover in gene family copy number following the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication as well as lineage-specific expansions and contractions. The variation in gene copy numbers is associated with macroevolutionary variation in a number of ecological and morphological traits, including swimming performance and trophic level. Cross-species tissue expression, zebrafish single-cell transcriptomics, and zebrafish perturbation phenotypes placed the implicated genes in biological contexts relevant to these traits. Together, our results provide evidence of an ancient, functionally partitioned post-embryonic developmental network that has diversified throughout teleost evolution. The heterochronic variation in network function, changes in endocrine activity, and gene-family turnover provide potential routes through which a shared developmental architecture contributed to the evolution of phenotypic diversity in teleosts. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, LT0063/2022-L

doi.org

A few months ago, I got a bit obsessed with a question about life on Mars: When—or if—“life” becomes the most parsimonious explanation for a handful of potential biosignatures, how will we know? Would we even admit it? This story grew from that question. www.scientificamerican.com/article/has-...

Has NASA already found life on Mars?

In searches for past and present Martian life, some scientists say we’ve been too cautious to see what’s right in front of us

scientificamerican.com

📢 Heads-up: I'm currently finalising the job description for a 30-month postdoc modelling visual abilities in these very gorgeous and very dead creatures! If you're interested, please get in touch - anticipated start is late 2026/early 2027 and the project combines great colleagues in UK + S Korea!

Lauren Sumner-Rooney@laurensr.bsky.social · 4mo ago

So excited to have received an #HFSPResearchGrant to study trilobite eyes with Luke Parry @oxuniearthsci.bsky.social and Gil Ju Lee (Pusan National University)!🥳 I'll be recruiting a postdoc @bristolbiosci.bsky.social - if 3D data, optical modelling, and fossils tickle your interest, stay tuned!

Do you know an outstanding aquarist? We're hiring a Senior Aquarist to help run our cephalopod facility at Columbia University. Our team maintains a colony of 250+ cuttlefish, develops new husbandry techniques (inc transgenics) & studies cuttlefish camouflage and social behavior. 1/3 [Pls repost!]

One of my dream projects, ever since joining here in Basel, out now in @nature.com : single-cells 🤝 eco-morphological proxies rdcu.be/fiyso How cells and tissues adapt to dietary niches... Thanks and congrats to Antoine, Walter, and all the other co-authors for this great collaboration!! 🙏🥳

Adaptive cellular evolution in the intestine of hyperdiverse cichlid fishes

Nature - Single-cell transcriptomics combined with morphological and ecological data show that the rapid evolutionary radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika was accompanied by dietary...

rdcu.be

Aging may feel gradual… but what if it’s not? In our recent paper, we tracked fish continuously from puberty until death. This gave us a unique view of how aging unfolds across the adult lifespan. 🧵

Team fish - we need your help! We are trying to build a database of all the fish chromosome-scale genomes where sex chromosomes have been identified. Have you build one or some? Do you know someone who has? Can you post the link in the comments? Please spread the word and repost! Thank you!

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Looking forward to my trip to @uoftcellsysbiol.bsky.social this week. Thanks to @maxshafer.bsky.social for the invitation!

Cell & Systems Biology (CSB)@uoftcellsysbiol.bsky.social · 8mo ago

We are pleased to welcome Prof Ingo Braasch @fishevodevogeno.bsky.social on Friday, Dec 5 for a fascinating talk on “A Blast From the Past: ‘Living Fossils’ Bridge Gene Regulation Across Long Evolutionary Distances in Vertebrates”! Join us at 11am in RW432 csb.utoronto.ca/events/csb-s...