🇮🇷 🇷🇺 Happy publication day to @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and ‘Russia and Iran’, which charts the two countries’ relationship from tenuous alignment to robust partnership! ‘Deeply insightful & fascinating.’ @michaelkofman.bsky.social 25% off w/code RUSSIAIRAN25 ➡️ tinyurl.com/mtnsrhzv
Nicole Grajewski
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social
Assistant Professor at Sciences Po CERI | Associate with Harvard’s Managing the Atom | working on nuclear issues involving Russia and Iran | author of Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine (OUP/Hurst)
🎙️🇷🇺🇮🇷 Listen to our author of 'Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine' @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social on Times Radio: 👉 tinyurl.com/58satj3t
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social has a great post on her substack folks should read! (I am biased because it cites the fabulous work Carl Parkin did last summer) I think I shared some of Nicole's biases on how quickly Iran could regenerate launchers and for how long open.substack.com/pub/axesanda...
Revisiting Iran's Missile and Drone Campaign
An early reflection on my writing and thinking during the war
open.substack.com
🇮🇷 🇷🇺 Advance stock available: the much-anticipated ‘Russia and Iran’ by @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social is now shipping! ‘A fresh understanding of this relationship. Compelling and well supported by evidence.’ @hamidrezaaz.bsky.social 25% off w/code RUSSIAIRAN25 tinyurl.com/mtnsrhzv
The potential collapse of Iran, a valuable partner for Russia, poses a concern for Putin’s regime. Iran’s unique revolutionary logic, regional reach, and ability to confront US power make it irreplaceable for Russia www.nytimes.com/2026/04/10/o... By @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social #putinism #Islamism
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social: "Mr. Putin has spent years building a coalition of the discontented around the premise that authoritarian states can outlast Western pressure... Iran, which has absorbed the most pressure and held the longest, is his proof of concept." www.nytimes.com/2026/04/10/o...
Opinion | For Putin, Iran Is Something Close to Irreplaceable
nytimes.com
In an NPR interview, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social describes Kharg Island as the “crown jewel” of Iran’s oil infrastructure, highlighting the potential consequences of a US seizure: www.npr.org/2026/03/26/n...
Analysts say potential US operation to seize Iran's Kharg Island would be risky
The Pentagon is considering the seizure of Iran's Kharg Island. It's a risky operation, and Iran could retaliate by targeting the biggest energy facilities in the Gulf, sending prices soaring.
npr.org
"The United States can only determine with certainty that it has destroyed about a third of Iran's vast missile arsenal" www.reuters.com/world/middle...
Exclusive: U.S. can only confirm about a third of Iran's missile arsenal destroyed, sources say
The assessment, which has not been previously reported, shows that while most of Iran's missiles are either destroyed or inaccessible, Tehran still has a significant missile inventory.
reuters.com
I've said this before, but part of why I continue to be bleak on prospects of prompt war termination are because Iran has *very strong incentives* to continue pain infliction (against the US/Israel/GCC and the broader world) to deter a future war by credibly communicating the magnitude of costs.
Incredible scenes here, it looks like the US is effectively suing for peace and Iran is saying "no thanks" while Israel is most concerned that the US might actually succeed. www.axios.com/2026/03/24/i...
Much of this is also a consequence of how Iran mismanaged its post-Oct 2023 approach to deterrence, as @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and I discussed last week; the new constellation of Iranian leaders have learned: www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
foreignaffairs.com
🎧 NEW EPISODE of the Carnegie Politika podcast: @alexgabuev.bsky.social, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social, and Sergey Vakulenko discuss what the war in Iran means for Moscow. How does it affect Russian influence in the region, and its position on global energy markets?
How Is the Iran War Affecting Russia? With Nicole Grajewski and Sergey Vakulenko
Podcast host Alex Gabuev is joined by his colleagues Nicole Grajewski, a non-resident fellow at Carnegie Endowment and the author of Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine, and Se...
carnegieendowment.org
The United States’ actions in Iran are making nuclear weapons look “more attractive than ever,” warn @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and @nktpnd.bsky.social. Today, “would-be nuclear states understand the urgency of developing a weapon in secret.”
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
fam.ag
Iran’s weakening deterrence capabilities point to a deeper strategic problem unfolding today. @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and @nktpnd.bsky.social unpack the forces behind Iran’s military expansion and the vulnerabilities now coming forward: www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
foreignaffairs.com
In our new @foreignaffairs.com piece, @nktpnd.bsky.social and I examine how Iran’s deterrent unraveled and what that failure signals for future nuclear aspirants. www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
foreignaffairs.com
I have a new piece out in @foreignaffairs.com, with @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social, on Iran’s deterrence missteps from late-2023 onward that created the conditions for this war. We reflect on the implications for nonproliferation going forward. www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
foreignaffairs.com
The war in Iran, now in its third week, has had serious regional consequences. That puts Armenia and Azerbaijan “on the front line of regional instability,” writes Zaur Shiriyev. Read here: carnegieendowment.org/emissary/202...
Iran’s Northern Neighbors Are Facing Fallout From the War, Too
The conflict is threatening stability in Armenia and Azerbaijan.
carnegieendowment.org
Russia and Iran have close ties, culminating in a major treaty last year. But as the war in Iran continues, Russia has largely “stood idly by” -- why? @alexgabuev.bsky.social, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and Sergey Vakulenko explained for @foreignaffairs.com: www.foreignaffairs.com/russia/why-r...
Why Russia Is Watching Iran Burn
The Kremlin is in no hurry to save its closest partner in the Middle East.
foreignaffairs.com
New post on Iran’s targets during its initial retaliation on Feb. 28. It examines the targeting logic behind three parallel campaigns: striking U.S. C2/ISR infrastructure, imposing costs on the GCC states, and pressuring Israeli civilian centers. www.axesandatoms.com/p/irans-febr...
"Most of Moscow’s military resources are tied up in Ukraine, while Beijing’s foreign policy prioritizes economic ties and avoids direct conflict." Alexander Gabuev and Temur Umarov explain why neither Russia nor China has offered any tangible support to Iran.
Why Are China and Russia Not Rushing to Help Iran?
Most of Moscow’s military resources are tied up in Ukraine, while Beijing’s foreign policy prioritizes economic ties and avoids direct conflict.
carnegieendowment.org
CNN reports Russia is now providing Iran with more specific operational guidance on UAV employment, including targeting approaches derived from its use of Shahed drones in Ukraine. This is not very surprising but good to have it confirmed.
🚨 JUST IN: I wrote about Trump's self-induced dilemma of sending US troops to seize or destroy Iran's highly enriched uranium. #Iran #Isfahan #uranium #Trump #nuclearweapons #nukesky @thebulletin.org
Trump may send US troops to neutralize Iran's highly enriched uranium. There are no good options
Deploying US troops to seize or destroy Iran's highly enriched uranium would bring significant chemical, logistical, and tactical hurdles.
thebulletin.org
What are the military risks of U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran? @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social discusses the strategic implications in an interview with the Malcolm H. Kerr @carnegiemec.bsky.social. carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/...
The Greatest Dangers May Lie Ahead
In an interview, Nicole Grajewski discusses the military dimension of the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran.
carnegieendowment.org
Wrote this article yesterday before the news of Russia’s support to Iran was reported www.russiamatters.org/analysis/ira...
For those interested in the evolution of Russia-Iran relations, my book comes out next month. DM if you’re interested in an advanced copy and I can put you in touch with my publisher. www.hurstpublishers.com/book/russia-...
💭 #Iran at War: The Russian Angle @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social explains why the Russia–Iran relationship is not an alliance. It is a partnership shaped by shared interests, regime security concerns, and significant limits rooted in historical mistrust. Full conversation linked below ⬇️
I don't know anything about India-Middle East relations beyond the most cursory stuff. The authority on this topic is @nicoblar.bsky.social . For Iranian foreign policy in general, I follow @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social . If you know an expert who is here, please post in the responses. Thanks,
Le stock de Shahed de l’Iran peut être estimé à “entre 4000 et 6000”(…) Au début de la guerre en 🇺🇦, Téhéran avait pu en livrer plusieurs milliers à son allié russe [mais ils] sont désormais en quasi-totalité fabriqués en 🇷🇺, sous le nom de Geran-2. @nicolastenzer.bsky.social @ilasserre.bsky.social
Les voisins de l’Iran, confrontés aux attaques de drones, découvrent leur vulnérabilité
Dénués d’expérience en matière de lutte contre les engins kamikazes, notamment les Shahed, les pays du Golfe sont apparus désemparés face à la menace posée par la République islamique, déterminée de s...
lemonde.fr
💭 Iran at War: The Russian Angle @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social explains how tensions involving #Iran could affect #Russia’s broader interests in the Gulf, where Moscow’s economic ties to GCC states often exceed its ties to Tehran. Full conversation in the comments ⬇️
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social argues that New START’s expiration won’t trigger a Cold War–style arms race, but rather a quieter shift toward warhead “uploading,” nonstrategic expansion, and greater nuclear ambiguity in a trilateral U.S.–Russia–China landscape. theins.ru/en/opinion/n...
Nuclear breakdown: How the end of the New START treaty will affect the arms race between Russia and the U.S.
In early February, the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms between the United States and Russia (better known as New START) expired, and no new agreement has been reached to take its place. However, a Cold War-style arms race appears unlikely, as Russia does not have the necessary resources for the mass production of new strategic weapons, argues nuclear policy expert Nicole Grajewski, an assistant professor at the Center for International Studies (CERI) at Sciences Po in Paris. In her view, a more likely future scenario involves Russia increasing the number of warheads on systems already in its arsenal while expanding production of nonstrategic weapons. The end of mutual inspections provided for under New START creates new opportunities to pursue such projects, even if Russia's coffers have been depleted by the war in Ukraine. China, however, does have the resources, and its nuclear program offers new causes for concern.
theins.ru