Sandy Hetherington

@sandyheth.bsky.social

Dr Alexander J. Hetherington | Plant evolutionary biologist, University of Edinburgh UK | UKRI Future Leader Fellow | Lab website: https://www.ed.ac.uk/biology/groups/hetherington

When did liverwort oil body cells originate? Here, Susan and I provide quantitative evidence that they emerged by at least the Middle Devonian (~390 Ma!), shedding light on a key anti-herbivory defense mechanism of early land plants!

New Phytologist@newphyt.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Homology of the dark cells of Paleozoic liverworts with the specialized oil body cells of modern liverworts (Marchantiophyta) Tremblay and Mercadal nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/share/BWYYSE...

Examples of oil bodies of extant liverworts of the Jungermanniopsida (Bazzania sp., Riccardia chamedryfoli, and Pallavicinia sp.), Marchantiopsida (Conocephalum sp., Marchantia polymorpha) and Haplomitriopsida (Treubia lacunosa and Haplomitrium sp.) and dark cells of Devonian liverworts Pallaviciniites devonicus and Metzgeriothallus sharonae.

Because the Rhynie chert plants include plants with xylem but without true phloem, this suggests that xylem and phloem did not have a common origin within the land plants, but rather both tissues evolved gradually and independently, occurring in their modern form in at different times. 10.

Schematic showing the gradual evolution of phloem and xylem from food conducting cells and water conducting cells, respectively, with the phloem evolving sepately in the euphyllophytes and extant lycophytes.

But we found that the FCCs of Asteroxylon did have (submicron!) sieve pores, which in extant plants is involved in the movement of sugars through the phloem, suggesting this tissue did have a sugar conduction specialisation. This is the earliest example of sieve pores in the fossil record. 8/

Sieve pores imaged using CLSM and SEM in Asteroxylon mackiei

These FCCs had some, but not all, of the features of phloem of extant vascular plants. The Rhynie chert plants didn't have a distinction between FCCs and cortical cells, or a boundary between these tissues, and the FCCs are very large in diameter compared to phloem cells. 7/

Cladogram showing that the Rhynie chert plants lacked a pericycle, and had a grading of tissue between FCCs and cortex.

I imaged the Rhynie chert plants using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, two very high resolution imaging techniques that can be used to identify sub-micron features in these fossil plants. 4/

A CLSM image of Rhynia from the Rhynie chert, thin section from the University of Manchester.

The plant species preserved here include non-vascular plants that are close relatives of vascular plants, and plants that belong in modern groups, so they can be used to investigate the early evolution of major traits of vascular plants like phloem. 3/

To understand these sort of fundamental questions in plant evolution, we can examine the exceptionally preserved plants of the Rhynie chert, a 407 million year old fossil deposit where some of the earliest land plants are preserved through the activity of a hot spring. Art by Victor Leshyk. 2/

The Rhynie chert ecosystem by Victor Leshyk

Phloem is the highly specialised sugar conducting tissue found in all living vascular plants, and it is today always occurs with xylem, the specialised water conducting tissue. Both of these tissues enabled plants to become larger and more complex, but how did these tissues evolve? 1/

Congratulation @transitionalform.bsky.social @instmolplantsci.bsky.social for publishing the next chapter of your thesis @currentbiology.bsky.social ! Great work showing that the two fundamental vascular tissues - xylem and phloem evolved asynchronously. Read Laura's thread for more details 👇👇

Laura Cooper@transitionalform.bsky.social · last mo.

Our paper on the origin and evolution of phloem, a big part of my PhD work, is out in Current Biology! www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Happy to announce that I have started my own research group at the MPIPZ and that I am looking for a postdoc who would like to investigate Marchantia prothallus development with me! Please spread the word and/or apply if interested :)

Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research@mpipz.bsky.social · 2mo ago

Looking for a #postdoc? 📣We are #hiring📣 Join the Wallner Group @mpipz.bsky.social to work on tissue patterning, polarity & body axes formation with the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.🌿 Apply now! #plantsci 👉https://jobs.mpipz.mpg.de/jobposting/54b1ba6d403b8a106f2595c1ef1171f8d729bb720?ref=homepage

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