Decoding sex differences in human immunity through systems immunology

Abstract. Immune function varies widely across humans. Biological sex is a key factor underlying human immune variability, with men presenting with more se

doi.org

Integrated analysis of the complete sequence of a macaque genome | Nature

The crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are pivotal in biomedical and evolutionary research1–3. However, their genomic complexity and interspecies genetic differences remain unclear4. Here, we present a complete genome assembly of a crab-eating macaque, revealing 46% fewer segmental duplications and 3.83 times longer centromeres than those of humans5,6. We also characterize 93 large-scale genomic differences between macaques and humans at a single-base-pair resolution, highlighting their impact on gene regulation in primate evolution. Using ten long-read macaque genomes, hundreds of short-read macaque genomes and full-length transcriptome data, we identified roughly 2 Mbp of fixed-genetic variants, roughly 240 Mbp of complex loci, 16.76 Mbp genetic differentiation regions and 110 alternative splice events, potentially associated with various phenotypic differences between the two macaque species. In summary, the integrated genetic analys

doi.org

Independent effects of testosterone, estradiol, and sex chromosomes on gene expression in immune cells of trans- and cisgender individuals

The origins of sex differences in human disease are elusive, in part because of difficulties in separating the effects of sex hormones and sex chromosomes. To separate these variables, we examined gen...

biorxiv.org

Single-cell analysis of aplastic anemia reveals a convergence of NK and NK-like CD8+ T cells with a disease-associated TCR signature

NK cells and CD8+ TEMRA cells expressing NK receptors and disease-associated T cell receptors may drive autoimmunity in aplastic anemia.

science.org

Tahoe-100M: A Giga-Scale Single-Cell Perturbation Atlas for Context-Dependent Gene Function and Cellular Modeling

Building predictive models of the cell requires systematically mapping how perturbations reshape each cell's state, function, and behavior. Here, we present Tahoe-100M, a giga-scale single-cell atlas ...

biorxiv.org

Measuring thymic output across the human lifespan: a critical challenge in laboratory medicine - GeroScience

Age-associated thymic involution leads to a significant decline in thymic T cell output, a major contributor to immunosenescence in the elderly. Accurately measuring thymic output is therefore critica...

link.springer.com

GZMK-expressing CD8+ T cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases - Nature

Comparing T cells in nasal polyps from repeated surgeries shows that effector memory-like persistent clones colonize the mucosal tissue during disease recurrence and promote inflammation by producing ...

nature.com

Metabolism and metabolites regulating hematopoiesis

Energy metabolism of immune cells, such as glycolysis and mitochondrial activity, requires strict regulation. This is especially critical in the compl…

sciencedirect.com

Differential roles of human CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells in controlling self-reactive immune responses - Nature Immunology

Here the authors use a tonsil organoid culture model system to investigate the roles of human CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells in controlling self-reactive immune responses. CD4+ regulatory T cells we...

nature.com

<em>Clinical & Translational Immunology</em> | ASI Journal | Wiley Online Library

Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the vaccine for tuberculosis, has immunomodulatory effects that may underpin its off-target effects on infectious disease risk and vaccine responses. This study used bl....

doi.org

Prior vaccination prevents overactivation of innate immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough infection

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in previously vaccinated individuals are characterized by reduced activation of innate immune responses.

science.org

Quantification of escape from X chromosome inactivation with single-cell omics data reveals heterogeneity across cell types and tissues

Several X-linked genes escape from X chromosome inactivation (XCI), while differences in escape across cell types and tissues are still poorly charact…

sciencedirect.com

Multi-omics reveals immune response and metabolic profiles during high-altitude mountaineering

The physiological perturbations induced by high-altitude exposure in mountain climbers, manifesting as immunological and metabolic deviations, have be…

sciencedirect.com

Tabula Sapiens reveals transcription factor expression, senescence effects, and sex-specific features in cell types from 28 human organs and tissues

The Tabula Sapiens is a reference human cell atlas containing single cell transcriptomic data from more than two dozen organs and tissues. Here we report Tabula Sapiens 2.0 which includes data from ni...

doi.org

Single-cell multi-ome and immune profiles of the Inspiration4 crew reveal conserved, cell-type, and sex-specific responses to spaceflight - Nature Communications

Multiple omics platforms and deep single-cell profiling in the I4 astronauts reveal both conserved and distinct immune system disruptions across missions, provide a single-cell immune reference for fu...

doi.org

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body - Nature

We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of h...

nature.com