Dietary arginine drives codon-dependent MHC class I translation and improves immunity in colon tumorigenesis and respiratory viral infection

Arginine availability regulates arginyl tRNA levels and codon-dependent translation of MHC class I, tuning antigen presentation and shaping anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity.

cell.com

Hypoxia rescues complex 1-associated disease caused by proteostatic defects

Nature Metabolism, Published online: 08 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01566-0The HTRA2–CLPB proteostasis system is a mitochondrial quality control module whose dysfunction drives local oxygen toxicity, which can be mitigated by lowering ambient oxygen levels.

dlvr.it

Non-genetically reprogrammed meta-neutrophils potentiate chemo-immunotherapy against lung metastatic triple-negative breast cancer

Hao et al. develop a non-genetic reprogramming strategy using IFNγ training and Abraxane arming to create meta-neutrophils, which sustain antitumor phenotype and enable potent chemo-immunotherapy against lung metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), overcoming cell source limitations.

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FGF21 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by driving competitive cell-cell interactions

Ogawa et al. show that oncogenic hepatocytes upregulate FGF21 to suppress early hepatocarcinogenesis. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and Xenium spatial transcriptomics, they reveal that FGF21 induces cell competition by driving migration of surrounding normal cells.

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Fibroblasts hold the key to TLS formation

The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) associates with improved anti-tumor immunity, and as such, understanding why some tumors develop TLSs is of prime interest. In the current issue of Cancer Cell, Kirschstein et al. demonstrate that TGFβ-driven programming of myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts blocks reticular fibroblast differentiation and TLS formation in pancreatic cancer, a barrier reversible by TGFβR1 inhibition.

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Remembering inflammation increases cancer risk

Nature Reviews Cancer, Published online: 14 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41568-026-00938-8Colitis predisposes to colorectal cancer, but how inflammation promotes tumour initiation has remained unclear. Nagaraja et al. show that inflammatory injury imprints a heritable epigenetic memory in colonic stem cells that enhances AP-1-driven proliferative programs and accelerates malignant outgrowth following oncogenic mutation.

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Why in vivo models of disease remain indispensable

Summary: The call to arms for alternatives to model organisms of disease will fail without ongoing integration with – and validation against – complex animal models and support from the animal modelli...

doi.org

When tissue tension creates a mutagenic niche

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Hayward et al. show that fibrotic tissue tension creates a mechanically organized mutagenic niche. A stiff stroma activates epithelial STAT3, recruits macrophages, and drives NOX-dependent lipid peroxidation, generating diffusible aldehydes that damage epithelial DNA in fibrotic tumors and mammographically dense breast tissue.

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Unbiased niche labeling maps immune-excluded niche in bone metastasis

An unbiased niche-labeling method, SAMENT, maps cellular and molecular features of metastatic niches and highlights the role of ERα⁺ niche macrophages in preventing T cell infiltration, thereby promoting bone metastasis.

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Sensing of metabolic signals via GPR183 promotes occupation of lung macrophage niches by monocytes

Bub et al. use single-cell RNA sequencing and new macrophage depletion models to discover niche-derived signals that promote monocyte-derived macrophages.

rupress.org

Type I interferons induced upon respiratory viral infection impair lung metastatic initiation | PNAS

Metastatic breast cancer accounts for 7% of cancer-related deaths, with the lungs being a common site of cancer spread. In parallel, lower respirat...

doi.org

The sleeping threat: targeting cancer dormancy to transform metastasis therapy - Nature Reviews Cancer

This Review synthesizes emerging insights into how microenvironmental cues, epigenetic programmes and immune interactions govern disseminated cancer cell dormancy and outlines how advances in dormancy...

nature.com

The long-lived immune system of centenarians

Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 23 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01291-5What is unique about the immune system of people who live to extreme old age? Here the authors describe that centenarians may achieve such longevity through several mechanisms, including limiting the pathological effects of inflammageing and immunosenescence, preservation of immune surveillance, sustained gut microbial diversity and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity.

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Precancerous niches as gatekeepers of tumor initiation

Clonal competition eliminates most early neoplastic lesions, yet a subset persists and ultimately progresses. In Nature, Skrupskelyte et al. demonstrate that nascent tumors survive by actively reshaping a precancerous niche through epithelial-stromal feedback. This ecological gatekeeping mechanism reframes tumor initiation from a process of mutation accumulation to microenvironmental selection and co-evolution.

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Pathophysiological roles of monocytes and macrophages in cancer

Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 20 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01296-0Monocytes and macrophages adopt modular programmes in response to cancer cells, which can be viewed as an ‘infectious self’ challenge, and cues from the surrounding tissue environment as well as organism-level variables. These pathophysiological programmes offer therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.

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RNA binding as an emerging regulatory dimension in the type I IFN response

Iselin et al. explore how the type I IFN response regulates RNA-binding activity using RNA-interactome capture and extend the RIC protocol to assess the role of phosphorylation in this process. Focusing on MATR3, they highlight how this protocol extension, phospho-RIC, can be used to identify PTM-driven regulatory events.

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Molecular and cellular bases of trained immunity

In this review, Barreiro and colleagues synthesize molecular and cellular mechanisms of trained immunity across monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, and HSPCs. They propose a unifying framework linking transcription factor activity, metabolic remodeling, and chromatin dynamics to explain how innate immune memory is established and maintained across cellular hierarchies.

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