Peter Bergman

@peterbergman.bsky.social

Associate Prof. of Economics @utaustin. Director http://learningcollider.org. @NBERpubs affiliate. Co-Chair @mit @jpal edtech. Schmidt Futures Innovation Fellow. www.peter-bergman.com.

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The 2025 American Community Survey should have come out today. But it has been delayed because of unusual political encroachment at Census. ACS drives business and policy decisions, especially in local communities, and is the primary input to Census’s immigration estimates.

🚨New working paper alert!🚨 Private tutoring chains like Kumon and Sylvan have grown rapidly. Who uses them? Do they improve kids' skills? BU econ PhD student Samuel Nitkin and I provide answers in: "Kumon Up: Private Tutoring Centers and Student Achievement" www.nber.org/papers/w35671 1/?

Private tutoring chains like Kumon and Sylvan have expanded rapidly in recent decades.
Combining data on business locations, household spending, and district test scores, we study who
uses these centers and how they affect academic skills. Nearly half of tutoring users are from the top
income decile, with Asian and White households five and two times as likely to purchase tutoring as
Black and Hispanic households. A staggered differences-in-differences design shows the opening
of a district's first chain center raises district-wide math and reading scores by 0.02-0.03 standard
deviations, at a much lower cost than public spending typically producing similar gains. Math
effects are largest for White and Asian students, so that center entry widens racial achievement
gaps, though less so in more racially integrated districts. These private investments help their
users, deepen educational inequality, and shape outcomes by which state accountability systems
and families judge schools.

Guys I’m having a week. Tomorrow come see me present “The effects of charter schools on economic mobility” at the Labor/Ed NBER SI session at 3:50pm ET. (In-person only)

If you'll be on the econ job market this fall with a paper related to crime, the criminal justice system, or people with criminal records, and would like to present it in the ViCE seminar, email me! (My address is on my website.)

In a league of killers, Jalen Brunson is one of the best winners of his generation. He won two chips at Villanova in three years, and he's made the New York Knicks into NBA champions. At 6-foot-1-ish. He's a great, GREAT basketball player.

New NBER working paper. We meta-analyze 82 RCTs of low-cost parent programs in 20+ countries. We use data on unwritten RCTs from funder records, RCT registries, author queries, etc. to estimate a model that adjusts for publication bias and characterizes the effect distribution for unwritten studies.

NBER working paper. 

Paper title: Characterizing the File Drawer: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Parent-Interventions Around the World

Abstract:  We conduct a meta-analysis of 82 randomized controlled trials across more than 20 countries to estimate the effects of low-cost, remote parental engagement interventions delivered through text messages, phone calls, and apps. We estimate a joint likelihood function that incorporates both written studies and unwritten studies identified through trial registries, funder records, research labs, evidence clearinghouses, and other sources. By also recording sample sizes for unwritten studies, the model estimates the distribution of standard errors, identifies write-up probabilities conditional on significance, and characterizes the file drawer by estimating effect distributions for written \textit{and} unwritten studies. Bias-corrected effects are 0.05 SD for test scores, 0.07 SD for grades, 0.05 SD for attendance, and 0.03 SD for enrollment. In the best-identified domain, test scores, statistically insignificant results are still written up at high rates. We also find that larger studies tend to estimate smaller latent effects, which could indicate that true effects are correlated with study precision, violating a common meta-analysis assumption. In smaller-sample domains, our approach helps identify selection probabilities by anchoring the absolute write-up rates. Finally, we estimate the value of additional RCTs to inform adoption decisions. Any single study estimate is unlikely to dissuade adoption because parent interventions have high marginal value of public funds. Instead, future research is most valuable when it can explain heterogeneity across settings.

Wow, I didn't expect our paper on iPhones and fertility to generate this much buzz—thanks for all the feedback! Rather than scattershot replies, here's a compilation of thoughts and new robustness checks. 🧵1/15