Rarely categorical, highly separable representations along the cortical hierarchy - Nature

Cortical circuits prioritize diversity over categorical structure, supporting a computational regime geared towards high-dimensional, highly separable neural representations.

nature.com

Study illuminates the brain’s predictive power in movement control - News@York

New findings reveal how sensory expectations help the brain prepare for disturbances, enabling seamless movement in complex environments.

yorku.ca

Do inhibitory interneurons encode information or just keep the rhythm?

Inhibitory interneurons may help encode the brain’s internal representation of space

science.org

Multiple autism genes influence GABA neuron remodeling via distinct developmental trajectories

Abstract. Variation in over 100 genes are now associated with increased risk for autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions, but how this variation r

doi.org

A reduced ability to discriminate social from non-social touch at the circuit level may underlie social avoidance in autism - Nature Communications

Some autistic individuals experience aversion to social touch. Authors use Neuropixels probes and demonstrate that unlike wild type mice, Fmr1 knockout mice find social and non-social interactions equ...

nature.com

Benchmarking cerebellar organoids to model autism spectrum disorder and human brain evolution

While cortical organoids have been used to model different facets of neurodevelopmental conditions and human brain evolution, cerebellar organoids have not yet featured so prominently in the same cont...

biorxiv.org

Distinct synaptic plasticity rules operate across dendritic compartments in vivo during learning

Synaptic plasticity underlies learning by modifying specific synaptic inputs to reshape neural activity and behavior. However, the rules governing which synapses will undergo different forms of plasti...

science.org

Somatodendritic orientation determines tDCS-induced neuromodulation of Purkinje cell activity in awake mice

elifesciences.org

A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin's effects on mouse behavior

Studies reporting novel therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs are rapidly emerging. However, the reproducibility and reliability of these findings could remain uncertain for years. Here, we impleme...

biorxiv.org

pnas.org

Psilocybin’s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors - Nature

A pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex have essential roles in psilocybin’s long-term drug action.

nature.com

Molecular and cellular dynamics of the developing human neocortex | Nature

The development of the human neocortex is highly dynamic, involving complex cellular trajectories controlled by gene regulation1. Here we collected paired single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data from 38 human neocortical samples encompassing both the prefrontal cortex and the primary visual cortex. These samples span five main developmental stages, ranging from the first trimester to adolescence. In parallel, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis on a subset of the samples to illustrate spatial organization and intercellular communication. This atlas enables us to catalogue cell-type-specific, age-specific and area-specific gene regulatory networks underlying neural differentiation. Moreover, combining single-cell profiling, progenitor purification and lineage-tracing experiments, we have untangled the complex lineage relationships among progenitor subtypes during the neurogenesis-to-gliogenesis transition. We identified a tripotential intermediate progenit

doi.org

Beyond Mechanism—Extending Our Concepts of Causation in Neuroscience

The search for neural mechanisms of behaviour often relies on a synchronic, driving view of causation, where neural activity drives more neural activity, which eventually drives behaviour. The real c...

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Synaptic-dependent developmental dysconnectivity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Synaptic dysfunction underlies brain connectivity alterations in 22q11DS, a syndrome linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.

science.org

A subcortical switchboard for perseverative, exploratory and disengaged states - Nature

Behavioural experiments in mice demonstrate that GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-expressing), glutamatergic and serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus have distinct and complementary function...

nature.com

Lateral inhibition in V1 controls neural and perceptual contrast sensitivity - Nature Neuroscience

The role of lateral inhibition for perception and neural computation remains unsolved. Del Rosario et al. show that distinct types of cortical interneurons in V1 drive lateral inhibition that causes s...

doi.org

Brain-wide presynaptic networks of functionally distinct cortical neurons - Nature

Behavioural-state-dependent pyramidal neurons have a distinct pattern of long-range glutamatergic inputs, with a larger proportion of thalamic versus motor cortex inputs compared with non-behavio...

nature.com

Dynamic regulation of cortical interneuron wiring

Inhibitory interneurons play crucial roles in modulating the circuits and activity patterns of the cerebral cortex. In particular, interneurons must a…

sciencedirect.com

Developmentally distinct architectures in top–down pathways controlling threat avoidance - Nature Neuroscience

Through circuit dissection in juvenile, adolescent and adult mice, Klune, Goodpaster and colleagues reveal multiple developmental switches in mPFC–NAc and mPFC–BLA pathways that underlie developmental...

nature.com

The developmental emergence of reliable cortical representations - Nature Neuroscience

Sensory experience transforms endogenously structured cortical networks with diverse and unreliable visual responses into reliable representations. This process is proposed to involve the alignment of feedforward and recurrent networks.

nature.com

Classification of psychedelics and psychoactive drugs based on brain-wide imaging of cellular c-Fos expression - Nature Communications

A challenge in psychiatric drug discovery is to predict the therapeutic potential of a novel compound. Here, the authors show that brain-wide imaging of immediate early gene expression can be used to ...

nature.com

Slow cortical dynamics generate context processing and novelty detection

The brain efficiently processes sensory information by selecting novelty and discarding redundancies. In this work, Shymkiv et al. demonstrate that through a high-dimensional ensemble representation, ...

cell.com

Overwriting an instinct: Visual cortex instructs learning to suppress fear responses

Fast instinctive responses to environmental stimuli can be crucial for survival but are not always optimal. Animals can adapt their behavior and suppress instinctive reactions, but the neural pathways...

science.org

Targeting GABA Polarity During Cortical Development Improves Circuit and Sensory Deficits in Fragile X Mice

Despite the heterogeneous genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder with multifaceted changes, a leading hypothesis proposes a common mechanism: interneuron dysfunction, which results in an excitator...

biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com