subcortical 2027

About the Meeting Subcortical circuits play a crucial role in perception and the execution of a wide variety of essential behaviours. The number of laboratories focusing on subcortical areas has incre...

subcortical2027.com

Sleep chart of biological ageing clocks in middle and late life - Nature

A cross-organ, multi-omics U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological ageing clocks highlights the potential of sleep optimization to promote healthy ageing, lower disease risk and ex...

nature.com

biorxiv.org

Axon initial segment dynamics during associative fear learning - Nature Neuroscience

Benoit, Ganea et al. show that changes in axon initial segment (AIS) length in the prefrontal cortex of mice accompany fear learning and extinction, revealing AIS plasticity as a key feature of neuron...

nature.com

Single-nucleus epigenomic profiling of the adult human central nervous system unveils epigenetic memory of developmental programs - Nature Neuroscience

Single-nucleus epigenomic maps of the adult human brain and spinal cord reveal that adult oligodendroglia retain developmental chromatin patterns, suggesting a molecular memory that may shape repair p...

nature.com

Single-cell and isoform-specific translational profiling of the mouse brain | Nature

The brain displays the richest repertoire of post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating mRNA translation1–11. Among these, alternative splicing has been shown to drive cell-type specificity and, when disrupted, is strongly linked to neurological disorders12–17. However, genome-wide measurements of mRNA translation with isoform sensitivity at single-cell resolution have not been achieved. To address this, we deployed Surveying Ribosomal Targets by APOBEC-Mediated Profiling (Ribo-STAMP) coupled with short-read and long-read single-cell RNA sequencing in the brain18. We generated the first isoform-sensitive single-cell translatomes of the mouse hippocampus at postnatal day 25, discovering cell-type-specific translation of 3,857 alternative transcripts across 1,641 genes and identifying isoforms of the same genes undergoing differential translation within and across 8 different cell types. We defined high and low translational states in CA1 and CA3 neurons, with synaptic and meta

doi.org

Self-Supervised Learning from Images with a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture

This paper demonstrates an approach for learning highly semantic image representations without relying on hand-crafted data-augmentations. We introduce the Image-based Joint-Embedding Predictive Archi...

arxiv.org

A functional influence based circuit motif that constrains the set of plausible algorithms of cortical function

There are several plausible algorithms for cortical function that are specific enough to make testable predictions of the interactions between functionally identified cell types. Many of these algorithms are based on some variant of predictive processing. Here we set out to experimentally distinguish between two such predictive processing variants. A central point of variability between them lies in the proposed vertical communication between layer 2/3 and layer 5, which stems from the diverging assumptions about the computational role of layer 5. One assumes a hierarchically organized architecture and proposes that, within a given node of the network, layer 5 conveys unexplained bottom-up input to prediction error neurons of layer 2/3. The other proposes a non-hierarchical architecture in which internal representation neurons of layer 5 provide predictions for the local prediction error neurons of layer 2/3. We show that the functional influence of layer 2/3 cell types on layer 5 is incompatible with the hierarchical variant, while the functional influence of layer 5 cell types on prediction error neurons of layer 2/3 is incompatible with the non-hierarchical variant. Given these data, we can constrain the space of plausible algorithms of cortical function. We propose a model for cortical function based on a combination of a joint embedding predictive architecture (JEPA) and predictive processing that makes experimentally testable predictions. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Swiss National Science Foundation, https://ror.org/00yjd3n13 Novartis Foundation, https://ror.org/04f9t1x17 European Research Council, https://ror.org/0472cxd90, 865617

biorxiv.org

Agouti integrates environmental cues to regulate paternal behaviour - Nature

Expression of agouti signalling protein in neurons in the medial preoptic area is increased by group housing and negatively associated with care, and overexpression of Agouti reduces care and enhances...

nature.com

Barcode-free multiplex plasmid sequencing using Bayesian analysis and nanopore sequencing

SAVEMONEY is a computational tool that guides users to mix plasmids prior to nanopore sequencing, reducing the effective cost of whole-plasmid sequencing to below that of Sanger sequencing.

elifesciences.org

A roadmap for conducting more inclusive research on brain resilience in ageing and dementia - Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Guidance is lacking on how to best integrate sex, gender and social and structural determinants of health into neuroscience research on brain resilience in ageing and dementia. In this Roadmap article...

nature.com

1000 Hurts

Psychophysics is a human-facing science with interventions arguably more robust than medicine.

argmin.net

Glutamate indicators with increased sensitivity and tailored deactivation rates - Nature Methods

iGluSnFR4f and iGluSnFR4s are the latest generation of genetically encoded glutamate sensors. They are advantageous for detecting rapid dynamics and large population activity, respectively, as demonst...

nature.com

Locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons facilitate orbitofrontal cortex remapping and behavioral flexibility

Ogg et al. use in vivo imaging techniques to record activity in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during a reversal learning task in freely moving rodents. They show that man...

cell.com

Without monkeys, neuroscience has no future

Research in primate brains has been essential for the development of BCIs, ANNs. New funding and policy changes put future such advances at risk.

bit.ly

Whole-cortex in situ sequencing reveals input-dependent area identity - Nature

BARseq interrogates the expression of 104 cell-type marker genes in 10.3 million cells over nine mouse forebrain hemispheres to reveal the role of peripheral inputs on cortical area development.

nature.com

Evidence for improved DNA repair in long-lived bowhead whale - Nature

Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.  &nbs...

nature.com

Facial expressions in mice reveal latent cognitive variables and their neural correlates - Nature Neuroscience

The face reveals more than just emotion. Cazettes, Reato and colleagues show that subtle facial movements reveal hidden cognitive states, reflecting the brain’s ongoing computations and offering a noninvasive window into unexpressed thoughts and decisions.

nature.com